The energy conservation requirements for one- and two-family homes and townhouses three stories or less in height are also given in Chapter 11 of the 2018 IRC. %PDF-1.7 % Vienna, VA 22180 JavaScript is disabled. Basements that are less than 200 square feet in area and used only to house mechanical equipment. Unit 272 The minimum window-sill height requirements are intended to reduce the number of injuries from falls by children through open windows. window frame Min. Up until recently the Building Code of Australia's only requirement in relation to bedroom windows - those most at risk of children climbing through them - is that the window must possess a sill height of 865mm if the fall from the bottom of the window to the ground below is 4 metres or more. Furthermore, at least half of the ceiling must be 7 feet tall, minimum. (6) The width of a stationary panel to be washed from the inside from an adjacent open casement window shall not be more than 2 1/2 feet. ), (4) Vertically pivoted or hinged windows to be cleaned from the sill shall have an unobstructed passage to the exterior sill that is at least 16 inches wide by 40 inches high. H,/ !!!q"w2gQefg`cga0Tbdl 4c2T+ U'913Nfd],PO(9(sXNG#6Ti bv !- endstream endobj 9 0 obj <>>>/Metadata 6 0 R/Outlines 3 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 5 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 10 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 4 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 11 0 obj [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R] endobj 12 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/N/Rect[349.718 35.392 423.383 25.84]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/N/Rect[312.866 17.392 373.725 7.84]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/N/Rect[26.08 787.88 131.6 688.84]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <> endobj 18 0 obj [/ICCBased 29 0 R] endobj 19 0 obj <>stream % Section R312.2.1 of the 2012 International Residential Code located on page 91 explains that the lowest part of the actual window opening shall be no less than two . 29). Does anyone 'know' of an building code approved window for above tub use?? Page 1 of 2 Window fall protection: Where the sill height above finished grade on the exterior side of an operable window opening is greater than 72 . Tempered glass maybe? An OPOS shall be developed by a person(s) with knowledge in the design, installation and use of building maintenance equipment (i.e. Flashing requirements found in Section R703.4 did not change in the 2018 IRC; however, the editions referencing some AAMA standards for flashing were updated. Z Related Code Sections R310.2.2 Building Planning, Window Sill Height ,HtO41'Cp3Zi-8`_~:g?^. Editorial correction filed 10-7-83; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 83, No. 0000001396 00000 n Egress windows provide emergency exits to homeowners in case of fire or other life-threatening situation. (C) 1. The Energy Rating Index (ERI) path. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)5.). This building code provides a safety factor for small children. GFCI Bathroom Outlet | Where Must it Be Located? For these buildings, the residential provisions of the 2018 IECC govern if it has been adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. As noted at the outset, this article focuses on the requirements of the 2018 editions of the International Codes, specifically the IRC and IECC. 0000019491 00000 n ), (11) Traveling methods that comply with these regulations shall not be permitted on ledges or sills less than 6 feet in width unless double-headed anchors or 2 single-headed anchors with separate usable heads are provided on each side of all windows in the series, along with at least one openable panel to afford a safe, convenient means of access. Drive-through aisles shall have a minimum 10-foot interior radius at curves and a minimum 12-foot width. (5) and (6) of Division B of the 2012 British Columbia Building Code But, homes that are outside the scope of the prescriptive provisions of the 2018 IRC must be designed using the 2016 edition of ASCE 7. 703/442-4890, National Glass Association. Inspection of window cleaning anchors and fittings on buildings shall be conducted at least every 12 months. 8 0 obj <> endobj xref 8 55 0000000016 00000 n (A) When anchors are attached to hollow or solid aluminum frames, the reinforcing plate shall be coated or protected so as to minimize electrolytic action between unlike metals. Bearing studs. For those homes outside the scope of the prescriptive provisions of the 2018 IRC, these locations will be determined in accordance with ASCE 7-16. TI[aW,KK1&;`A8ar"oeMLx{9z#Pgt{Wrfd;~KG; Fun Tip:To learn the difference between the International Residential Code (IRC) verses the International Building Code (IBC), be sure to check out thisPOST. Section R301.2.1.2 of the 2018 IRC outlines the locations where impact-resistant products are required. Numerous federal agencies have also adopted the International Codes. Such anchors shall extend not less than 5 inches into the concrete and shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than one-fourth of a square inch and shall be provided with a fluke at the end of the anchor not less than 1 inch in length. The method for determining the ERI is now required to be in accordance with the RESNET/ICC Standard 301, which covers how to calculate the ERI score, compliance software tool certification and provides sources for input values not specified in the 2018 IECC. B1 Residential Building Inspector Practice Quiz, B2 Commercial Building Inspector Practice Quiz, R3 Residential Plans Examiner Practice Quiz, M1 Residential Mechanical Inspector Practice Quiz, E1 Residential Electrical Inspector Practice Quiz, P1 Residential Plumbing Inspector Practice Quiz, Accessibility Inspector / Plans Examiner Practice Quiz, CT CALGreen Inspector / Plans Examiner Practice Quiz. ), (3) A window to be cleaned from the sill shall be suited structurally to the installation of anchors and, when opened, shall not interfere with the attachment of window cleaner's belt terminals to the anchors. are set forth in Section R310 of the 2018 IRC. A building's original window cleaning procedures prepared in accordance with the requirements in Articles 5 and 6 have been changed because of building modifications, or. The written assurance shall consider, but not be limited to: window anchors and fittings; load sustaining capabilities of platforms, building components, hoisting and supporting equipment; stability factors for carriages, platforms and supporting equipment; maximum horizontal force for movement of carriages and davits; design of carriages, hoisting machines, wire rope and stabilization systems; and design criteria for electrical wiring and equipment. The whole building performance path, and. In Southern climate zones 1 to 3 (Southern Tennessee to the tip of Florida), there is no U-factor cap, but the SHGC is not to exceed 0.50. The minimum net clear openable height dimension shall be 24 inches. Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) Requirements. When all 3 of these conditions apply to your window, fall protection must be required. 4 0 obj Contractor's Assistant: OK. Tell me a bit more about what's going on so we can help you best. Anchors shall be attached to the side frames of the window or to the building at a point no less than 42 inches nor more than 51 inches above the window sill. Tempered glass would be required if the window glass was within a certain distance . The sill height must not be more than 44" above the floor. All anchors and hardware shall be of Type 303, 304, or 316 stainless and shall meet or exceed the material requirements of these orders. The 2018 IRC glazing requirements remain mostly unchanged, but for modifications addressing glazing adjacent to doors, in guards and railings, and adjacent to the bottom stair landing. This information is provided free of charge by the Department of Industrial Relations 0000082745 00000 n The provisions in this Section shall apply to drive-through and drive-up facilities where allowed in compliance with Article 2 (Zones, Allowable Uses, and Development and Design Standards) and the following standards. Title 24 Part 2.5 The 2019 Edition of the California Residential Code (CRC) contains residential building design and construction requirements relating to fire and life safety, structural safety, and access compliance. I am not trying to extend the application of this code to cover type 'E' occupancies. 0000027948 00000 n 0000003860 00000 n At least half of the ceiling must be at least seven feet tall. SLOPE OF STILL OR SURFACE California's first-in-the-nation GREEN building code. Such openings shall open directly . 0000024394 00000 n For stationary panels over 5 feet, but not exceeding 6 feet in width, the sill or ledge must be at least 10 inches wide with a slope not exceeding 5 degrees. Anchors attached to masonry, other than concrete poured-in-place, in buildings erected after October 3, 1955, shall be installed while the wall is under construction and shall be shaped to build into the joints between masonry units. %PDF-1.7 3. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)11.). (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(c)). endstream endobj startxref 4. We Recommend Home Hacks & Answers Ohio Building Codes for Adding Egress Windows Home Hacks & Answers Height of Kitchen Windows Home Hacks & Answers Minimum height of opening: 24 in. Finished sill height shall be not more than 44 inches above the finished floor. <> (CRC width R602.3.4) 4. 41). +Ip^[ +G'cruGr9DSsszh{{[MTEYE2uP.S3 |tOZm |um?@;Z+jQ:dJlmCp7d0NT1~mUEvUOdQ!q+a7)0do@ 0000028405 00000 n In the options noted above, the code requires these protection devices to comply with ASTM F2090. In the 2018 IECC (Table R406.4), there was an increase in maximum ERI scores from 51-55 to 57-62. PKn(\g %#@or(S54SbX%0 M cnLUG1:(!"bpf?&(/4 b2`ji"re;rMC&Nf`MYA]7cXPP.t)&DU.q NI))X,iCfXc~`O*@V HM ? from its web site at, Subchapter 7. The 24-inch sill height is typically above a small child's center of gravity, reducing the likelihood of the child's toppling over the sill. SI(dr8pM|/9YuiKZ$q%4^. / h]' @4^~=j3Y";,hCJ|i0sk 1_nauBY5fqMdc*JUc~C}5>$j$$9Q$$T!TyM::ko\OPO4aU3efH@0xVBu#osgm|,[ve\'a?Gh%a-kn$hd&Y44=Ni0SLY+v&ik~.RY>M}0P?$o.v!lUaT]v\V0L)H/e-} om?|>|.DlH7A8A*?4~Xf!\6R\Fm?G\xW8@Eo0_ozdutHR8.KRKu4T 5. The sill height of emergency escape windows shall not be more than 44 inches above the interior floor. The area of the window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened. The other three compliance paths for residential construction in the 2018 IECC permit some tradeoffs in levels of energy efficiency from one building component to another. NOTE: It is recognized because of special site conditions that certain provisions in Article 6 may be applicable and can be used in conjunction with equipment and/or practices in this article. WindoW EgrEss: Min. The prescriptive path for residential construction establishes maximum permitted U-factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) requirements for fenestration (Table R402.1.2). All Rights Reserved. 344 Maple Ave West CRC R310.1 (& Definitions) EXCEPTION: Grade floor openings located . This component serves as a collection device to drain incidental water to the exterior of the building and should be properly sealed to the opening. However, the maximum prescriptive U-factor for vertical glazing was reduced slightly in climate zones 3 through 8. 0000007999 00000 n 1 0 obj [+$ek4kU+\vfEFg5EIcMz3K{yL)jj>Oi=y-s9fzc63;9_mceK"e}X9Yen#~TGxg%`O uYYu&9h3zV#ai;zhz~14%if.Ni>&o'.5*8S>9{H@&W5&M"&hifhV~ZPH3VY3a `9[;(BRRuzwC$+Tpz[r^bfe1c\ksXqGSW?v3X2s:>~~^*k?xT_ Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply with Section R311.7. (B) Where the threaded bolt is an integral part of the anchor, it shall be at least 1/2-inch in diameter and shall be secured by means of a nut and lock washer, or any other method acceptable to the Division. The 30" x 30" area in front of a shower head must also be 80" in height. Similar to option 1 above this ensure the device acts as somewhat of a guardrail by not allowing any opening larger than 4 inches. 0000002829 00000 n 0000035932 00000 n type 'E') because of the presence of the building's occupants being young children. The control device should have an emergency release mechanism that allows it to release thus allowing the window to fully open so that it does not reduce the net clear opening area of the window to be less than what is required for egress per Section R310.2.1. The Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and the aforementioned Haiti all have adopted at a minimum the IBC and IRC. sill height, sill level, lintel, lintel level . _#|*A.s9,Qt0?>x_P:d4&f*\PN8$U77[!t0Go-g#j.r@@~1o+O Window wells serving an egress window shall not be less than 9 square feet in area with a horizontal length/width of no less than 36 inches. In Climate Zones 5 to 8 (Ohio to Alaska) it was reduced from 0.32 to 0.30. (In other words, an enclosed porch 5 feet wide will never qualify.) This standard is as know as the Standard Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices with Emergency Escape (Egress) Release Mechanisms. Where on-site renewable energy is included in the ERI calculation, buildings must meet or exceed the thermal envelope requirements in Table 402.1.2 of the 2015 IECC, but the 2009 IECC envelope backstop will remain in effect for buildings without on-site generation. The 2018 editions of the IRC and IECC are the most recent, and many states and localities are in the process of adopting this edition of I-codes. by 24-in. (f) Anchor Replacement. 4. Beginning with the 2012 International Codes, the energy conservation provisions of Chapter 11 of the IRC are an exact duplicate of the provisions of the IECC for the same building. 13 0 obj <> endobj Although opaque doors are included in the definition of fenestration area in the 2018 IECC and 2018 IRC, they are assigned a maximum U-factor of 0.35, separate from the U-factor requirements for vertical fenestration. stream AAMA, the Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA), Fenestration Manufacturers Association (FMA) and Doors & Access Systems Manufacturers Association International (DASMA) published a technical bulletin (TB 11-1) on this topic. Construct framed walls using advanced framing details like minimal framing at windows and doors to reduce thermal bridging and allow more space for insulation. The ASCE 7-16 wind speed maps were not adopted into the 2018 code. Editorial correction filed 10-7-83; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 83, No. An OPOS shall be developed which at a minimum shall contain the elements of Appendix A of this Article. except on the ground floor where it must be 5 s.f. Where windows are provided as a means of escape or rescue, they shall have a finished sill height not more than 4ches above the finished 4 in floor. ), (2) Anchors shall be installed on the inside of a window which is to be washed from the inside but presents a hazard of falling through to the outside, as defined in Section 3282(g)(2). Guards are required to be a minimum of 42" in height. SECTION R302 FIRE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION arrow_right SECTION R303 LIGHT, VENTILATION AND HEATING arrow_right SECTION R304 MINIMUM ROOM AREAS arrow_right SECTION R305 CEILING HEIGHT arrow_right SECTION R306 SANITATION arrow_right SECTION R307 TOILET, BATH AND SHOWER SPACES arrow_right SECTION R308 GLAZING arrow_right This can be accomplished using any of the compliance paths in the IRC or IECC. Size - Single-occupancy bedrooms should have at least 70 square feet of floor space, with a minimum of 7 feet in one direction. (o) No employee shall be permitted to work from, stand or walk on any surface that is not rated for such live loading by the building's engineer of record and/or a building official. The 2018 IRC also permits the use of other approved tests. This may include Miami-Dade County test protocols, if approved by the authority having jurisdiction. 0000024311 00000 n 2. (This requirement drops to 5 sq. 1. Amendment filed 7-16-76; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 76, No. If installing a wood pocket window or sash replacement kit, these products I am getting push back from a code official who is interpreting the code to apply to schools (i.e. You are using an out of date browser. Guards are required to be a minimum of 42" in height. endstream endobj startxref vz Code Regs., Title 24) will be published July 1, 2022, with an effective date of January 1, 2023. The 2018 IECC permits glazing in thermally isolated sunrooms to have a maximum U-factor of 0.45 in climate zones 2 to 8. or flukes having holding surface of not less than 1 inch in length that shall be firmly imbedded in the masonry. Inspector says turn on the light. clear min. Heading into 2019, it is anticipated that adoption of the 2015 IRC and IECC will continue to decrease, as jurisdictions begin their review process in consideration of adoption of the 2018 I-codes. ft. for ground floor). Access - The bedroom must be accessible from the hallway or other common . Window wells greater than 44 inches in depth requires a permanently fixed ladder or steps to provide access. 1498 0 obj <>stream A building does not have established window cleaning system or procedures meeting the requirements specified in Articles 5 and 6, or, B. The standard also requires the device to have an emergency release mechanism that can be operated without a key, tool, or any special knowledge thereby ensuring for a quick release in case of an emergency where the opening is required for escape and rescue situations. An egress window must comply with the following requirements in Southern California: Net clear opening: (at least) 5.7 square feet Minimum height: 24 inches Minimum width: 20 inches Sill height: no more than 44 inches from the floor Why Don't My Windows Meet Egress Requirements? The minimum egress window opening height is 24" high. The 24-inch sill height is typically above a small child's center of gravity, reducing the likelihood of the child's toppling over the sill. 0000001684 00000 n Components of exterior walls shall be fastened in accordance with Tables R602.3(1) through R602.3(4). When the mullion is tested in accordance with AAMA 450-10, the deflection limit of L/175 does not need to be met. NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. ~9. A single-occupancy bedroom must have 70 square feet of floor space, with a minimum of 7 feet in one direction. Manufacturers and dealers that sell products in several states should be aware that, at this time, multiple editions of the International Codes are being enforced across the country. ADD Note to plans: Escape or rescue windows shall have a minimum net clear openable area of 5.7 square feet, 5.0 sq. The specific section you reference is almost an exception allowing window sills in R-2 & R-3 to be lower, at 36", if they are provided with the control device described in 1013.8.1. http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02101/pensioner-fence_2101479i.jpg. 2012 IBC 1013.8 states: Operable sections of windows shall not permit openings that allow passage of a 4-inch diameter sphere where such openings are located within 36 inches of the finished floor [and located more than 72 inches above the finished grade or surface below]. sized window for 34 in. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(b).). The distance between anchors shall not exceed 4 feet horizontally unless the sill or ledge is at least 12 inches wide and the slope is less than 5 degrees in which case the distance between anchors may be as much as 6 feet. Glass doors, by definition in the IECC, are considered to be those which are more than 50 percent glass in area. Limit framing to a maximum of one pair of king studs per window opening. The UA (area weighted average) alternate method, 3. Minimum height from finished floor to sill with exterior deck height same as interior. 0000032359 00000 n It should be noted that this provision is only contained in the IRC. Add more people using the space to sleep, and you have to accommodate with 50 more square feet . All safety devices and parts of such equipment, including related building support structures, shall be inspected and where necessary, tested to determine if they are safe to use or operate. I think that in all other occupancies opening window sills would need to be at 42" if needing a guard. Thermally isolated sunrooms must also be equipped with a separate heating or cooling system or thermostatically controlled as a separate zone, if conditioned. My opinion is baths are too dark without some daylight. Tables R301.2(2) and R301.2(3) of the 2018 IRC give the design wind loads for glazed openings based on the design wind speed of the specific location where construction is to take place, the mean height of the building and its exposure to wind. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)8.). Figure 1 (below): Residential U-factor and SHGC for fenestration: prescriptive path of the 2018 IECC. Local Amendments to Building StandardsOrdinances The Building Permit Fee All you need to know about the Building Standards Administration Special Revolving Fund (BSASRF), also known as The Green Fee or SB 1473. The top of the sill height is located more than 72 inches above the finished grade below on the exterior side. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)3. National Glass Association (B) All safety devices and equipment considered in the written assurance shall be inspected at least every 12 months. ), (3) In every building other than those described in Section 3282(g)(1), provisions shall be made for window cleaning by use of elevating platforms, rolling scaffolds, suspended scaffolds, boatswain's chairs, or ladders, as specified in these orders. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)10. To Learn more about window fall protection requirements, be sure to check out Section R312.2 of the 2018 International Residential Code (IRC). 0000014530 00000 n 52 0 obj <>stream C. A building has extreme architectural features, which require the use of complex rigging or equipment, or a building that uses rigging or equipment not covered by these Orders. (1) An installed anchor shall not be used for any purpose other than attachment of window cleaner's belt terminals. }vMfdo~}~[^@9}s n9t04A=#z9 H10x?f"G /L Per Section R312.2.1 of the 2018 International Residential Code (IRC), all 3 conditions must exist for window fall protection to be required. The provisions for dead loads in Section R301.1 of the 2018 IRC are also based on ASCE 7-10; there are no significant changes to the dead load requirements for fenestration in the 2018 edition of the IRC. Sill plate. 0000020457 00000 n 1) For the purposes of compliance with the standard referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2. 0000095332 00000 n (9) Traveling on the outside of the building shall not be permitted where the sill or ledge is less than 6 feet wide unless it is possible to keep at least one window cleaner's belt terminal attached at all times. But as of 1st May 2013 that has now changed. t1-p!7N;0"8E1z3|oS F} 2. Having a 24-36-inch buffer under the bottom portion of the window makes it much less likely that small children will inadvertently put themselves in danger. ?+M7dSKS6^3sQu+:vC.VQQB7Hrjg-v(tcH?do YkU3&M The opening needs to be under 432 square inches when used in conjunction with a fly fan, or under 216 square inches if not using a fly fan. General Industry Safety Orders, https://www.dir.ca.gov/od_pub/disclaimer.html. In Climate Zones 3 (South Carolina to Oklahoma) and 4 (Virginia to Tennessee) it was reduced from 0.35 to 0.32, except for Marine in Climate Zone 4. R310.2.3 Window wells. Section R310.1 of the code explains the requirements for emergency escape and rescue. AVAILABLE NOW! clear min. The 2018 IRC requires glazing within 24 inches of the hinge side of an in-swinging door now have safety glazing where the glazing is at an angle less than 180 degrees from the plane of the door. . Only those anchors and fittings granted approval by the Division shall be used. If structural calculations are used to determine adequacy, the mullion deflection is limited to L/175 of the length of the long edge of the glass being supported. Let's see what others think. Has anyone had a window above tub and been approved ? 0000095263 00000 n 0 Redesignation of former subsection (p)(1) to new subsection (p)(1)(A), new Manufacturers of window anchors and fittings shall submit to the Division all pertinent test and other data called for by this Order. NOTE: Assuming that the window cleaner could work from the inside alternately from casement panels on each side of the stationary panel, this would mean that a 5 foot width of stationary panel would be the maximum width that could be handled in this manner without anchors. Any windows lower than 18 inches from the floor should have tempered glass. Due to the prevalent use by federal agencies, I-codes began being enforced in countries other than the U.S, including the Middle East (Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan). (CBC 1015.1 and CRC R312.2) A fall prevention device is required where any window opening (measured at the window sill) is located more than 72 inches above the exterior finished grade, and less . Overall, the prescriptive provisions continue to reference the 2010 edition of American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings, while those outside these provisions must be based on the 2016 edition, which was adopted as the IRC reference standard for loads. Skylights and sloped glazing are also subject to snow load and dead load. endstream endobj 14 0 obj <> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 16 0 obj <>stream The use of protective wood panels as an alternative to impact-resistant glazing or shutters continues to be permitted for one- and two-story, single-family dwellings, duplexes and residential care facilities. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(a)2. The prescriptive path is the simplest to use. 0 * y(!P-Iwedg*l28;w}hh)/$r1fcusXO,H&0,t4gVwN;u}k:e0HN_-(5MIchA!&G^f[NlI,i| 7Yzz"b-/[P?OG iq,L*h4;_'Z.Jz U=U4 R5lo|?F;9~m.cS,g r7eOuf0nizs!. (n) Washing from the sill shall not be permitted unless there is a certain minimum standing room on the sill in relation to its slope. (5) Masonry and Concrete. One of thesedesignated the UA alternate methodonly permits tradeoffs between different elements of the building envelope. Window wells with a vertical depth greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped with a permanently affixed ladder or steps usable with the window in the fully open position. hk\J}QbudH=?yYURGvr C"u}WnpC=q%bvOP!bJ9`RZ?F[KBP}jHj/iCV~'f_'_Y^}W[?vaZ>UOwn'X}=o_nO?~toO|}{wHU/}_m'd?}gVsovR~x_}??/o!5?{s{_o^[\//oSo377>[Oom2?|\Q:0tpC8C rhq)zJ8EYk5Ur22SJl)5kbuJr,6^[8n4a2uTQPgyhr'Trs~^:pW7r10ed` Me"'`b-qN]9l'I*Uooj?6)v7G#?}+[3l|(32.#=jOXRzb 6l,;>[:f{6u#0Bg[m[~=\O5YGMVdM$_8O4 :#C5O'S >s3 OHfck>)I1N9X!/31)89mCUggqX,vkJ1Y}9$+vgw1ct8}y9~xuyms]qO$cu52#gNJ;6,f1-1SLhBvO|/^~VY/{KnS8xt)^z=K>.-fjE0{AV!kAnV`tCBgg.Lo@Sj$h6^}{2,TTLD5 V_'flG}mQN!3k=Md|BMp&L#Jg! ^&co^aBh)r.,cy5z(04lyAm&VF>@Vh#,SVnX$Gs7!?2#' d2Yq@Fh`X yl\8EgZo6O)p2c7dEk`6\CKkW5_O"M;^{ #*&zm]::cf4=iRF,d$a n