The city spent $150,000 on an advertising campaign to persuade voters. Does George Bush still own the Texas Rangers? Did George Bush used to. of the purchase price. This memo was turned over by Bush's attorney the day after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ruled that it would not charge Bush with insider trading. Velocity Sports LTD 2022 All Rights Reserved. : a member of a previously fixed police drive in Texas. UTIMCO's chairman, Tom Hicks, now owns the Texas Rangers; his purchase of the team made Governor Bush a very rich man. What team does George Bush own? Oct. 13, 2010. June 16, 1998 - August 11, 2010. . Troopers already issued . 4. The move comes with a statement from Davis and Simpson that does not contain any specific reason for the decision. 1. World Series Game 6: If You Don't See It Are the Cardinals the Most Unlikely Champions of All Time. Filed Under: Texas Rangers, Things We Made Robert Mays Write, World Series. In 2008, Davis made his first appearance on the Forbes four hundred record, rating 367th with a net value of $1 billion. Yes, he co-owned the Texas Rangers What baseball team did gorge bush own? What is the formula for calculating solute potential? Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. As part of the deal, the city created a separate corporation, the Arlington Sports Facilities Development Authority, to manage construction. George Ohrstrom and his wife invested $100,000 in Arbusto. Did Richard Pryor have MS or Parkinsons? having 10% in 1998 when the rangers were sold again and thus document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We are largest Know-How Listing website, total [total_posts] questions already asked and get answers instantly! Why was the decision Roe v. Wade important for feminists? He touted the new stadium as a win-win proposition for taxpayers and the team. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. In 2021, the franchise had an estimated value of round 1.785 billion U.S. bucks. What handgun Do Texas game wardens carry? With the escalator bonus from his original purchase, Bush nets almost $15 million from the sale. In April 1989, George W. Bush purchased a percentage in the Texas Rangers baseball franchise, and served as managing general spouse for 5 years. He owned 1.8 percent of the Rangers. . Is plain flour same as all-purpose flour? September 2009: A group led by Pittsburgh sports attorney Chuck Greenberg emerges as a potential buyer. Back in 1973, when the senior George Bush was the chairman of the Republican National Committee, Bush befriended one of fathers assistants, Karl Rove. June 1998: Billionaire and Dallas Stars owner Tom Hicks purchases the Rangers for $250 million, the second-highest price ever for a MLB team. ", This page was last edited on 5 January 2023, at 23:29. November 1994: Bush is elected governor of Texas. (AP Photo/Eric Gay) Reading Time: 6 minutes Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This is a simple encyclopedia that explains numerous frequently asked questions on different topics. In 2013, Texas DPS officials announced that they would be switching to the Smith & Wesson M&P, 9-millimeter handgun as the standard-issue sidearm for troopers, due to higher round capacity over the SIG Sauer. . . Internet Biographies: George W. Bush-- from The Presidents of the United States of America Compiled by the White House. Despite being named as a potential investor, reports surface that Ryan will resign if Hicks remains as the owner. Between the sales-tax revenue, state tax exemptions and other financial incentives, Texas taxpayers handed the privately owned Rangers more than $200 million in public subsidies. October 1990: The Rangers announce that they have reached an agreement with the city of Arlington, Texas, on a $165 million stadium that will keep the Rangers in Arlington for the next 40 years. In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil rich person Eddie Chiles, offered the workforce to an funding crew headed by George W. Bush for $89 million. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A Texas-sized Ford truck once owned by former President George W. Bush and used for carousing on his Crawford ranch goes up for auction this weekend with the proceeds benefiting . While his fathers 1992 reelection campaign was a failure, Ws efforts on his behalf as a Texas campaign surrogate increased his profile, thanks mostly to what he called his Baseball, Apple Pie and First Family stump speech, in which hed reference the Rangers and the lessons he had learned in baseball pretty constantly. The plan includes a provision stating that Hicks would pay the $75 million comprising the clubs debt. Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994, and he sold his stake in the team in 1998. They hit a snag when Peter Ueberroth, then commissioner of Major League Baseball, told them he wouldnt approve the sale without more investors from Texas. Texas Rangers and allegations of insider trading, "Washingtonpost.com: Bush Name Helps Fuel Oil Dealings", "CNN.com - White House defends Bush handling of stock sale - July 3, 2002", "Files: Bush Knew Firm's Plight Before Stock Sale", "Archives - 2023 Issues - The Austin Chronicle", "ESPN.com - Major League Baseball - Friday: Bush gets to know Texas", "MLB - Vincent book: Bush wanted commissioner's job - ESPN", "In new book, Bud Selig details just how close President George W. Bush came to replacing him as MLB commissioner", Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act, Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush&oldid=1131830608, Early lives of the presidents of the United States, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Obschonka, Martin, and Christian Fisch. Bush was the managing general partner for the Rangers before his 1994 gubernatorial win. Ohrstrom had attended Greenwich Country Day in Connecticut with Bush's father. A couple of years later hed run for president. But he knew that to have a shot at winning, he would need better credentials than a string of unsuccessful oil companies and a failed bid for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Bush stressed his energy credentials and conservative values in the campaign. Guerrero was seen walking toward the clubhouse with an athletic trainer in the second inning and was replaced defensively by Rainer Nunez to start the third. Am I going to benefit off it financially? he asked reporters. April 2010: MLB takes control of the sale and begins negotiating with several of the banks to allow the sale of the team to move through. President and Mrs. Bush's New Home? Charley Pride passed away at the age of 86 on December 12, 2020 from COVID-19 complications. (AP Photo/Eric Gay), Religious activists are trying to weaken new protections for LGBTQ workers, Public Integrity acquires tool to make data more accessible to journalists, Public Integrity staff share expertise in using data to cover inequality, Funding decisions often shortchange homeless students, Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. It all began in fall of 1988, when William O. DeWitt Jr., Bush's partner in a Texas oil-and-gas exploration company called Spectrum 7, called to let him know that Eddie Chiles, the owner of the Texas Rangers, was looking for a buyer. At least compared to the rest of the MLB, the Rangers had themselves a rather productive past decade. So lets talk about how it all came together, shall we? Nonetheless, Bushs partners rewarded him by upping his ownership stake in the Rangers, giving him another 10 percent of the team. As a serving governor he was guarded on the campaign trail by a security detail including Texas Rangers. George W. Bush-- from The American President From the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, in addition to information on the Presidents themselves, they have first lady and cabinet member biographies, listings of presidential staff and advisers, and . It was enough, however, to get Bush named General Managing Partner of the Rangers. How do u find the surface area of a cone? While his equity on the team was small ($500,000), Bush was named managing general partner of the new ownership group. Does George Bush own the Texas Rangers? 1961: The Twins, who had been the Washington Senators until this year, play their first home game, losing to the new expansion Washington Senators franchise at Metropolitan Stadium. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), George W. Bush cheers for the Texas Rangers during their game Friday night, Sept. 27, 1996 in Arlington, Texas. February 2008: Nolan Ryan is hired as team president. Next month's Architectural Digest showcases a famous house like you've never seen it before: former President George W. Bush's breezy Crawford, TX ranch home, known during his presidency as the . Jerome Kerviel is the poorest person in the world right now. Does George W Bush still own the Texas Rangers? George W. Bush first became involved in politics in 1978, when he ran for the house of representatives in one of Texas' districts. What is wrong with the Texas Rangers name? Years/Date. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? During the eight years Mr. Bush was in office, the ranch served as the Western White House and welcomed numerous heads of statefrom Russian president Vladimir Putin to Saudi king Abdullah bin. He regularly attended games, often sitting in the stands with fans and signing autographs for anyone who approached him. Early on most pistols were stuck in the waistband. What is the best time to treat for grubs? Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994, and he sold his stake in the team in 1998. [6] When the Rangers franchise was sold for $250 million in 1998, at a total profit of $170 million, Bush personally received $14.9 million for his $600,000 investment. 48. Today's Texas Rangers are a revered law enforcement unit that leads legal investigations in main crimes, unsolved crimes, serial crimes, public corruption, officer-involved shootings, and border security. Furthermore, Hicks and his brother gave $146,000 to the Bush campaign. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Does George Bush still own the Texas Rangers? Bill and Hillary Clinton had a dog. He agreed to put money in the Rangers, but only if his trusted associate, Edward Rusty Rose, was installed as general managing partner along with Bush. Does George Bush still own part of the Rangers? August 4, 2010: Cubans first bid comes in $25.3 million in cash higher than Greenberg and Ryans initial offer. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Hicks and employees of his companies are Bushs No. Delonte West net Who Are The Pacers Starters? Like so many other companies and institutions, HSG has been impacted by a global credit crisis which no one could have anticipated, Hicks said in a statement. Also to know is Where did Jeff Green play last year? . Usually parked in a front-row seat by the dugout, with his feet up and a bag of peanuts perched in his lap, Bush put a congenial face on a crooked deal, at the heart of which lay a complicated land play. By the late 80s, however, oil was a tough business to be in. November 2009: Days before the deadline for formal proposals, Hicks announces that he is trying to team with local investors, including former Dallas Cowboys Roger Staubach, to assemble a financial plan that would allow him to maintain a controlling interest in the team. All clothing can be blank, neat, and with a pressed appearance. This graph depicts the worth of the Texas Rangers franchise of Major League Baseball from 2002 to 2021. In October 1990, Bush also let this slip to a reporter for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram: The idea of making a land play, absolutely, to plunk the field down in the middle of a big piece of land, thats kind of always been the strategy.. Does George Bush still personal the Texas Rangers? While on paper the Arlington Sports Facilities Development Authority was a public entity, in practice it was merely a puppet for Bush and his partners. Will Xbox Series X ever be in stock again? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. List of Texas Rangers owners and executives, Presidents of Baseball Operations and General managers. Chiles, a family friend who called Bush "Young Pup" when he was a kid, was eager to sell to Bush. The idea to buy as baseball team was in large part that of Karl Roves, who Bush first met when Rove was one of his fathers assistants from back in the early 70s. Does George Bush still own the Texas Rangers? As state commissioned peace officers, the pistol is used to protect the public and the officer. In his days as the Texas Rangers' managing partner, he sat right along the field, chewing . In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil tycoon Eddie Chiles, sold the team to an investment group headed by George W. Bush for $89 million. March 25, 2009: Hicks announces that he is seeking minority investors to come back into the ownership of the Rangers as a way to be prudent in a bad economy. Claiming that his ownership stake had gone from 55 percent in 1998 to 95 percent, Hicks says that he is willing to sell up to 49 percent of the club but wishes to maintain majority ownership. What notes should a mandolin be tuned to? And the Texas Rangers helped George W. Bush get to the top of the political game. "The city donated a good bit of land to the . [citation needed] In 1978, Bush ran for the U.S. House of Representatives but lost to Kent Hance. Ueberroth believed that local owners would be less likely to relocate the team. Unlike an apartment tenant, the rent that the teams owners pay is applied toward purchasing the stadium. Using authority granted to it by the city, the ASFDA seized several tracts of land around the stadium site for parking and future development. It gives him . These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Hance, however, also held many conservative views, opposing gun control and strict regulation; he successfully portrayed Bush as out of touch with rural Texans. In 1972, the team moved to Arlington, Texas, the place it was the Texas Rangers. Considering this, What is the average salary of a Texas Ranger? It didnt have the fancy sky boxes and other amenities that helped make other franchises much more profitable. It does not store any personal data. Investigating the systems and circumstances that contribute to inequality. ', Bush knew he needed a shiny line on his resume that was more than hes the presidents kid. He decided that resume piece would be Owner of the Texas Rangers.. But his fathers connections were instrumental in helping Bush overcome that perception. December 1994: Bush resigns as the staff's CEO but maintains his ownership stake. Rangers are required to attend at least 40 hours of in-service training every two years, but for most Rangers, the training far exceeds the requirement. The Texas Rangers have morphed since their formation by Stephen F. Todays Texas Rangers are a respected law enforcement unit that leads criminal investigations in major crimes, unsolved crimes, serial crimes, public corruption, officer-involved shootings, and border security. On June 20, 1990, George W. Bush sold his Harken stock for $848,000 and paid off his loan he took out to buy his small share in the Texas Rangers. All rights reserved. . Bush received a 2% share by investing $606,302, of which $500,000 was a bank loan. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? He currently ranks fifth as that all-time home run hitter. Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was once elected Governor of Texas in 1994, and he bought his stake in the workforce in 1998. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. Narrowly winning the electoral college vote in 2000 over Vice Pres. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Who are the starters for the Indiana Pacers? The name was given to him in college by a sportswriter covering his alma mater, Louisiana Tech Peyton Manning lost the Super Bowl to the New Orleans Saints in 2010 and then again in 2014, to the Seattle Seahawks. Republish our articles for free, online or in print, under a Creative Commons license. The 1998 Topps Chrome Peyton Manning Refractor Rookie PSA 10 Gem Velocity Sports LTD 2022 All Rights Reserved. Guides, articles, news, and more. The tale of the Texas Rangers does not end with Bush's ascendancy to the position of Texas governor in 1994. While his earlier political efforts were felled by his perceived petulance and temper, and the perception that he was a daddys boy, his time as a baseball owner had helped him refine his campaign style. How do you cook Trader Joes red shrimp Argentinian? Bush worked in the Texas oil industry and was an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team before . August 12, 2010 - present. In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil tycoon Eddie Chiles, sold the team to an investment group headed by George W. Bush for $89 million. Roves calculation turned out to be right on the money. The Naps lose to Detroit 5-0. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Read more of The Triangle, Grantlands sports blog. The Texas Rangers are owned by Ray Davis and Bob Simpson, who bought the franchise for 593 million U.S. dollars in 2010. Bush, however, never forgot the reason he got into baseball in the first place: to burnish his resume for political office. But the new owners werent willing to finance the construction of a new ballpark. Aug. 5, 2010: Just before 1 a.m., Cuban withdraws from the bidding after his top offer of $581.2 million falls about $12 million short of Greenberg and Ryans final number of $593 million. Does George Bush own a baseball team? They won the American League Pennant in back-to-back seasons in 2010 and 2011, they made the postseason three more times after that, and they finished with a winning record six times over the past eleven seasons. Public Integrity doesnt have paywalls and doesnt accept advertising so that our investigative reporting can have the widest possible impact on addressing inequality in the U.S. Our work is possible thanks to support from people like you. Its his first ever major league complete game. When was the last time the Browns won a Super Bowl? The Texas Department of Public Safety (TXDPS) has followed the SIG SAUER P320 as its reputable provider firearm. ), When confronted with the seamy details of the land grab, Bush professed ignorance. Despite this, his supposed lack of intelligence was often the subject of ridicule by comedians. The reply was explicit: "The act of trading, particularly if close in time to the receipt of the inside information, is strong evidence that the insider's investment decision was based on the inside information the insider should be advised not to sell". Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994, and he sold his stake in the team in 1998. How do you French braid your own hair easy steps? George W. Bush does not appear to be a luxury suite type of guy. Also to know is Who is the poorest NBA player? At least compared to the rest of the MLB, the Rangers had themselves a moderately productive previous decade. Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994, and he sold his stake in the team in 1998. Against the advice of his counsel, Bush repaid the loan by selling $848,000 worth of stock in Harken Energy. All-Time Owners. According to PayScale, the moderate annual wage for a Texas ranger is $62,000 a year, even supposing this can be impacted by a couple of different things. In 2012, he ranked 315th with a web price of $1.Five billion, and he ranked 296th in 2013 with a internet worth of $1.9 billion. He was a generally well-liked figure among Rangers fans, in no small part because the team got better in the six seasons in which Bush served as an active owner, finishing above .500 in four of those seasons. The Seattle Mariners are the only current MLB franchise that has never appeared in a World Series; the San Diego Padres, Colorado Rockies, Texas Rangers, Tampa Bay Rays, and Milwaukee Brewers have all played in the Series but have never won it. In April 1989, Bush assembled a group of investors from his father's close friends, including fellow fraternity brother Roland W. Betts; the group bought an 86% share of the Rangers for $75 million. The new stadium and the real estate around it greatly boosted the final sale price. The price of oil dropped I remember my dad gassing up the van for 79 cents a gallon in the fall of 1987 and Chiles business took some big hits. Best Answer Copy Bought 1 % in 1988, but was credited with bringing the group of buyers together so they gave him more ownership, resulting in him having 10% in 1998 when the rangers were sold. July 2, 2010: A court-appointed restructuring officer recommends a one-day auction as a means of selling the team. The Rangers played at Arlington Stadium from 1972 to 1993, Globe Life Park in Arlington from 1994 to 2019. His affiliation with the Rangers and his family reputation helped. Your email address will not be published. Michael Jordan Net Worth $2.2 Billion. December 11, 2000: Texas signs Alex Rodriguez to a 10-year, $252 million contract that more than doubles the richest deal in the history of sports. Bush received a 2% share by investing $606,302, of which $500,000 was a bank loan. May 28, 2009: Hicks says he is willing to sell majority stake in team if the right deal comes along.. January 1989: Reports surface that a group headed by Bush and Cincinnati oilman Bill DeWitt Jr. plan to issue a letter of intent to purchase a majority share of the team. [9], Prior to his gubernatorial campaign, Bush briefly considered a candidacy to become the Commissioner of Baseball in the early to mid-1990s. In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil tycoon Eddie Chiles, sold the team to an investment group headed by George W. Bush for $89 million. To his credit, Bush didnt deny it, at least to a point. Viewed by many as the greatest player in NBA history, Jordan has turned his basketball acumen into a multi-billion dollar enterprise. Bush and as a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts had represented George W. Bush when arrangements were made to acquire the Texas Rangers baseball franchise (although Doty recused himself from the investigation.). Juan Gonzalez and Ivan Rodriguez break in with the Rangers, giving the team two popular stars in Latino communities of North Texas. General legislation enforcement at the state level referred to as Rangers is a form of law enforcement official most effective present in Texas. In April 1989, Bush assembled a group of investors from his father's close friends, including fellow fraternity brother Roland W. Betts; the group bought an 86% share of the Rangers for $75 million. 1904: Ty Cobb makes his professional debut for Augusta of the South Atlantic League, hitting a double and home run in an 8-7 loss. Tony Beasley was named interim manager for the remainder of the season. Also to know is How much is a Peyton Manning rookie card worth? Background. In April 1989, Bush assembled a group of investors from his father's close friends, including fellow fraternity brother Roland W. Betts; the group bought an 86% share of the Rangers for $75 million. Whats the difference between dinner tea and supper? He increased his investment to $600,000 the following year. Does George Bush own the Texas Rangers? The Texas Rangers are owned by Ray Davis and Bob Simpson, who bought the franchise for 593 million U.S. dollars in 2010. The new Senators will become the Texas Rangers 11 years later. President Bush with Ranger in Kennebunkport, Maine, Aug. 10, 1991. Rangers Baseball Express, LLC (Ray Davis and Bob R. Simpson, co-chairmen). Hance later became a Republican and donated money to Bush's campaign for Governor of Texas in 1993.[13]. In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil magnate Eddie Chiles sold the team to an investment group led by George W. Bush for $89 million. Rove told Bush that getting into baseball give him . document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Use the unsubscribe link in the emails we send to opt out at any time. When the Rangers went on the market, Ryan and Chuck Greenberg joined forces as majority partners in Rangers Express Baseball, which eventually bought the team at auction. In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil tycoon Eddie Chiles, sold the team to an investment group headed by George W. Bush for $89 million. The Bush family has agreed to pay Bush 89 million dollars. The staff moved into Globe Life Field in 2020. More often the question comes in the form of "Is it true the President and Mrs. Bush have purchased a specific property?" and then they state the location of a mansion or an incredibly expensive lot. May 24, 2010: Rangers file for bankruptcy in attempt to force the sale of the team through. I wasnt going to let this deal fail, he said last year. 2012: Phillip Humber of the White Sox pitches baseballs 21st perfect game, blanking the Mariners 4-0. The profits went almost exclusively to the teams already wealthy owners. Prior to his election as president in 2000, George W. Bush held other positions including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and the governor of Texas. George W. Bush's recent timeline. In 2008 he became team president for the Texas Rangers. The Texas Rangers Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise was established in 1961 as the Washington Senators, an expansion team awarded to Washington, D.C., after the old Washington Senators team of the American League moved to Minnesota and became the Twins. Karl Malone, is a former power forward for the Utah Jazz of the NBA and one of the games 50 Greatest Players. Former US President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush were the parents of Barney, a Scottish terrier who sadly died at the age of 13 in 2013. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. 'Gentleman Bushranger' Martin Cash. Bush invested just over $600,000, but Arlington taxpayers invested a lot more. With Baker Botts representing W. Bush, the Saudi BinLaden family, and W. Bush's funding conduit James R. Bath, Doty was involved in the frivolous litigation campaign launched in the attempt to intimidate BinLaden middleman James R Bath's business partner Charles W. "Bill" White into cooperating with the attempted cover-up of secret BinLaden Family funding of W. Bush's campaigns and businesses. Opponents of the deal couldnt compete with glossy brochures, telemarketing calls, and a Hands Around Arlington Day. On Jan. 19, 1991, citizens of Arlington voted two-to-one to approve a sales-tax increase dedicated to building the new park. Seriously, were really asking. The rangers were founded in 1823 when Stephen F. Austin, known as the Father of Texas, employed ten men to act as rangers to protect 600 to 700 newly settled families who arrived in Mexican Texas following the Mexican War of Independence. I wanted to put together the group. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 40-caliber semi-automatic pistol and a Daniel Defense . Principal owners. George W. Bush is no longer home on the range. Chiles, meanwhile, who went way back with George H.W. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Residents in Crawford, Texas, say the former President is rarely spotted at his nearby ranch since exiting the White House with a cardboard life . Bush who was about to become President George H.W. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American retired politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

Shane And Friends Podcast, Viewstate Decoder Github, Who Is Jojofromjerz, Articles D