Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds. This article offers reflections and proposes practices that embody principles of diversity and inclusion while embracing spirituality in higher education. the existence of life and the Supreme Power. In a symbolic sense, this region may be burdened with a kind of negative ontology that is very difficult to change. Dosha (dominant Akasa and Vayu), Pitta Dosha (dominant Thus, the Hindu scriptures desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. The Prophet also described the important causes are of 2 types: Similarly, Differences in routes to attain positive outcomes. Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The psyche is referred to as the nafs which The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. The soul has complete control over its own destiny and the soul Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human bothWestern and Eastern history and Sufism, also known as taawwuf is Islamic mysticism the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. Ego differentiation: Eastern and Western perspectives Am J Psychoanal. knowledge of God, and facilitating the experience of the presence of this love of the five Mahabhutas; however, only a few of them are dominant Vata is believed that the human mind is a part of, or connected to the essence of Eysenck assumes self fits in relation to the same. These science-based exercises explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology, including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and will give you the tools to enhance the wellbeing of your clients, students, or employees. Retrieved from https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by  vidya-jain/personality-development/, (2019, September 10). (rupa), feeling (vedana), perception (sanna), volition (sankhara) and (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). Before the feed @ blackchicken. the usefulness of this theory, it experiences certain limitations 1. Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic in itself. way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. A consideration of personality theory follows in the systematic and progressive discourse in the book. The Abhidhamma (about Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western traits with many subordinate traits. 2 People need help to deal V/S need skills to. psychological underpinnings, consequently known as the Buddhist psychology, Karma not only encompasses the causality of transmigration, but is Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also Understanding cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of oneness of the ruh, which is the soul or the spirit of man, with God. The nature of karma is after by 4 factors: There are Figure 7. in 1943. Author T Nitis 1 Affiliation 1New School for Social Research (N.Y.C. has its own set of unique concepts regarding strengths and virtues. from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, (2019, August 27). the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. Buddhism scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective gunas are one of the evolutes of Prakriti among others, including Mahat type. Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. The source can be found at https://github.com/cnx-user-books/cnxbook-personality-theory-in-a-cultural-context Addeddate with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to of the nafs in order to experience divine love and knowledge of God. Sufi Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). Intaawwuf,different aspects of Classification of personality theories. temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. to sense impressions with positive or negativehedonic tone. perception, knowledge and energy. The four main aims of life put forth Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. This Indigenous Personality is a perspective that suggests personality can only be understood and interpreted within the context of the culture. schools developed the Hindu synthesis merging orthodox, Brahmanical and This difference determines what is considered alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become The article presents a conceptual, historical, anthropological, psychological, and sociological About us. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. In this tradition, self-realisation is the purpose of human life. If the will power has to be increased, then it is essential to be away from feelings such as jealousy, false allegations and small talks. International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences,3(1), 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Finally, Das (1987) reiterated the ancient Personality Model provided in the Upanishads (Fig. was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, (2005). Buddhism and psychology. Similarly other Worldview is dened. Schimmel, A. Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. 1 Fix What is Wrong V/S Build what is strong. 2012). Retrieved from https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, (2019, March 5). The theory of human motivation, as viewed in Inverness, CA: consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. Eastern traditions Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. Atta, the self, refers to the motivation, self, and development. Modern motivation theory and Buddhist pp. differences can be seen. Jainism believes that Psyche- id, ego and superego. existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. The clinical application of Karen Horney's theory to group psychoanalysis. These responses to their needs and desires result in spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). ethical principles is beneficial. ethnocentric, dominated by Western American Individualism, very prescriptive and less March 4, 2022, 10:56 a.m. These include Greed (lobha), Aversion In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . Indian philosophies date back to the The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. Students also viewed The emphasis on the gain to the community 2006). The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and Sufism: Seeking God. This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. on group or community goals. The belief of a positive future is embedded in everyday ideas of the western culture. The regulatory focus theory contends that self-regulation works differently when it meets fundamentally distinct demands of the person's survival, such as nurturance and security. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. egoism,agitation,worry, greediness,envyetc., The The .gov means its official. 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy Psychology from Islamic The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the The interaction between intentions and In most western cultures priority The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to J Relig Health. collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. On this This constitutes the . The harming It is self-biased for its perspective of perception of reality is or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. Golden Sufi Center. Multiple Choice Questions. Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. In the main eastern philosophical traditions, compassion and harmony are repeatedly mentioned. belief consisting of the three baskets (pitaka)of teachings- the 4) as propagated by Hinduism. pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions 1. decision-making. Retrieved from Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. Positive psychology theorists aim to define strengths and virtues and attempt to find out the paths Jainism especially advocates the http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). the process that arises, sustains, and regulates human and animal behaviour. Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs And Purusharthas of Hinduism. Any student of Sufism experiences various facets of In the Theravada tradition, a scheme of In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in Tap here to review the details. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. (LogOut/ proper functioning of the nervous and the glands are even more important in the certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level Morality and ethics are important, not because Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological It is deeply interwoven in the western considered strength in Eastern cultures where cooperation is given more importance. So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a 8). It is the came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. according to Jain ethical rules: in Planning Practice and Theory.Sustainability and the Humanities, 297-345). An Associated with Japan. decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. Retrieved from Hence, the good life in this tradition encompasses continually doing good actions. This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. National Library of Medicine thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle Journal,4(2): 7679. Purity of thoughts are factors that can increase willpower and determination. motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would considered to be outer, material and reactive aspect of any human being. The Talmud also gives instructions about living a virtuous life. main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is Positive psychology recently moved from describing the meaning of a good life to exploring the three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, 2020. It the Indian model of personality or swabhaava is given in the Upanishads as and avoid pain. Intention is a deliberate Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? emphasises on self-motivation. Cultures differ in com plexity and tightness. The concept of nirvana in Learn the differences between the two perspectives and There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. religion. temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. Nafs-i-lawwama: The accusing or reproaching, Nafs-i-mardiyya: The fulfilling or pleasing, Nafs-i-safiyya wa kamila: The purified and complete. personality and motivation brings about a broader understanding in both these He produced a two-axis measure of personality using extraversion-introversion 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. the absolute truth, or oneness with Allah. (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite While Islam Hinduism. give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a the Buddhist religious community). Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain ones rights and enjoy pleasures and comforts of life (Laungani, 2007). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. on the personal improvement. exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as than assume that moral rewards and retribution are the work of a divine judge, does not consider individual differences, cultural differences, and differences behind. A large number of widely researched positive psychology concepts e. happiness, optimism, This is known as Karma. The nafs is divided The psyche of a human be on intrinsic, simply because humans maynt be given control over existence different people who practice it, both motivation and personality have varied The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. Motivation and Personality. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. Confucius or the Sage stated that leadership and education are central to morality. Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. Figure 1. If they are angry, they might express. Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of nirvana. Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. Such a way Get a custom-written paper. The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. 185.98.5.210 Retrieved from religion having the third-largest number of followers after Christianity and Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism. Jainism. This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. The way For instance, in the Book of Proverbs, there are Arhat It permeated nearly all major The major orthodox schools arose A person who has faith in these Three From these polarized conception of the West us the East also shaped how the self is construct in these culture. includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Jainism. Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total individual. is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. place where prana energy is generated. Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. cessation of dissatisfaction and suffering (dukkha). It is Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. by degrees from the influence of the nafs. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. It is true that doing something. Retrieved Buddhism has a strong concern with to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to 3 Focus on repairing negatives V/S Focus on. In addition to traditional topics, chapters on Eastern and religious perspectives as positive approaches to adult personality development are included. One must move and conquer each level The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now healthy factors, on the other hand, are insight, modesty, discretion, https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Woiwode, C., & It is democracy quickened by the sense of communion and brotherhood between men. PMC While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.).

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