how much quinine in grapefruit peel

increased sweating. Early in the pandemic, some people, includingthen-President Donald Trump, claimed hydroxychloroquine could be used to treat COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine was synthesizedin 1950 as a "less toxic alternative" to another synthetic drug called chloroquine, according to a 2020 report published in the journal Pharmacotherapy. Other studies have revealed that the use of this extract doesnt interfere with the antiplasmodial activity of chloroquine and quinine. Im not sure what else you intended to ask. Hope that helps you. The posts hydroxychloroquine recipe follows on from US President Donald Trumps promotion of the anti-malaria drug as a potential treatment for COVID-19. The next batch I made I froze half of it into ice cubes and the first half lasted with no problems until it ran out. Discovery, Inc. or its subsidiaries and affiliates. double vision. Why 3-3.5 here? We wanted to help people with this information and show them that there is always a way to overcome any challenges in life, get out of fear, and step into higher vibrations. I have made my home made quinine on 26 June and have taken some of it. Unfortunately, the answer isnt straightforward. In high doses, wormwood is toxic due to its volatile oils and has, in the first phase, a psychoexciting, convulsive, narcotic action, followed by tremor, epileptiform seizures, stupor, and unconsciousness. Now I dont know if its necessary to pull out the pith. ? Do not take the lid off of the pot till it cools completely as this will allow the Quinine to escape in the steam. No, the quinine is actually doing you good and allowing your body to rid itself of unwanted substances. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. None of the other kinds of zinc were effective. All types of fruit contain carbohydrates, which act as sugars in the body. Seal it tightly and store it in the refrigerator for up . I just love the taste of grapefruit, and there's something cleansing to me in the bitter edge that balances the sweetness. Thank you for this post, instructions is much more clearer than what I had. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Grapefruit contains 58 times more Vitamin A RAE than Lemon. Discontinue as soon as you get better. Let it simmer for about 2 hours. hives. Ionic zinc blocks this process and stops invaders from entering and infecting your cells. i am little confused why you got excess lemon skins? Benefits of Grapefruit Peel Powder and Grapefruit Peel Tea.. Hi Leslie, Stir 1 1/2 ounces (45 milliliters) of the quinine tincture into the cooled aromatics, and then pour it into a sterilized bottle. Ive heard up to 4 months. All of the foods will. grapefruit, cinnamon, lemon, lime, oranges, ginger, raisins, honey, pepper, and basil. I may be wrong though. Repeat step 2 two more times. Not liking to use much sugar, I decided to go ahead with the exercise anyway. This anti-malarial drug has properties that help lower body temperature and make muscles relax as well as relieve nausea. Due to the high quinine and quinidine alkaloids, it contains, Remijas bark is used to make tonic water and beverages. Hi, can you just explain the dosage again for me? According to Harvard Health's website in an answer to a question about treating leg cramps with tonic water, an expert explains: "Tonic water contains no more than 83 mg of quinine per litera . As to tonic water, it only contains 83 mg of quinine per litre and a therapeutic dose is 500-1000 mg so you'd have to dry a whole lot of tonic water to have any effect. , thank you so much for sharing this invaluable knowledge.. reddening of the skin, especially around ears. You can also just add the concentrate to a mug, add water, which will cool down the tea concentrate, and then add your honey. Just wondering if you know how long it lasts Im the fridge? You only get out of lemon or grapefruits peels what is already in it. Is Rice Bran Oil an Authentic Health Food. After. Now lets prepare the grapefruit. Artemisinin, also known as qinghaosu, is an antimalarial compound, that although is not a direct natural alternative to hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, fights the same cause. And finally, ionic zinc helps minimize stuffiness, congestion, sneezing and a runny nose. This simple herb has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine as a treatment for malaria. ? In the case of boiling the procedure will actually distroy the little vitamin C found in peels. I need to make more. , Can you make this quinine in the insta pot and take and. It would be really great if you would forgive me and come back with what you find works. 2 sour or Sevilla oranges, only the peeled zests (or peel of 1 grapefruit or pomelo) 1 cup chopped lemongrass (3-4 stalks) 61 Slow-Cooker Chicken Recipes That Will Save Dinner Tonight. It was very helpful. Add in all the skins. Then gulp it down. Chloroquine, the precursor of hydroxychloroquine,has been around for over 80 years. False The primary claim of the content is factually inaccurate. The most notable natural alternatives to hydroxychloroquine are: Most of the natural alternatives to hydroxychloroquine below have no negative interaction with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, according to studies. Grapefruit contains quinine-like substances, which in turn are effective in treating malaria. Im presuming your husband cannot have grapefruit because hes on heart medication of some sort. "The statement 'nothing but quinine' makes no sense," Klemba said. "They are different molecules. Sugar, corn syrup and citrus flavors are often added to make tonic water more palatable. Take the peel only and cover it with water about 3 inches above the peels.Put a glass lid on your pot if you have one.a metal one is fine if you dont. The quinine can be easily extracted from the fruits by boiling a quarter of grapefruit and straining the pulp. It is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. Maybe a little juice whatever works for you. Im not too sure the exact length matters, and anyway as you say, grapefruit come in different sizes, and lemons so its not really an exact science. Latin name: Citrus Paradisi. Buspirone : It is used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as fear, tension, irritability, and dizziness. Alan Armstrong, Professor of Organic Synthesis at Imperial College London previously rejected the claim, saying: Hydroxychloroquine is a completely different chemical substance to quinine., Prof Armstrong told Reuters: Historically, hydroxychloroquine was discovered during efforts to synthesise alternatives to quinine as anti-malarials.. The first thing to keep in mind when evaluating whether any type of fruit is good for weight loss is the sugar content. Lovastatin. For Instant Premium Tonic Water: Handcrafted symphony of quinine, cinchona bark, zeus hop & grapefruit with graceful notes of chamomile and darjeeling in a non-alcoholic soda syrup & G&T Cocktail Mix made with real cane sugar. They wanted to know what dose was effective. HI there Marilyn, thank you. The USDA reports that a small grapefruit (about 200 grams) contains 278 milligrams of potassium. I hope it maintains the healing powers. Hydroxychloroquine is a drug that is used to prevent malaria and treat conditions such as arthritis, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The conclusion was that Guduchi with ginger has similar effects in controlling active RA, just like hydroxychloroquine sulfate, but no side effects. I have made a couple of batches and I have put locally grown honey in the tonic for taste purposes. My cooktop doesnt tell me what the actual temperature is. I knew exactly when the time had come to throw the rest away. In addition, rubbing grapefruit peels over mosquito bites or inflamed skin can provide relief. Apparently grapefruit is the main component, so just using other citrus fruit may not give the same bang! Anything to keep the immune system up there as best we can. Combine with Parmesan or Pecorino and toss with croutons, or add. We are talking about quassin, one of the most bitter substances found in nature. For prevention we take the tonic 2 3 times a day. Heat up 1 grapefruit and eat its pulp. I saw one comment on this, but not a conclusive answer. Boil some freshly ground black pepper and 1 tsp of cinnamon in 1 cup of water. But really, the taste is really good. Required fields are marked *. Maybe you could give a very, very mild dose to start with and then increase as 1) they show no reaction and 2) they become more accustomed to the taste. Did you know that chloroquine was actually created as an alternative treatment for quinine? Here are other foods, herbs, and spices that naturally fight malaria: Here is how you can use them for prevention: Avoid oily, fatty, ready meals, junk foods, or deep-fried foods, and try to eat as many fresh fruits and veggies as possible. Then strain all the juice, throwing away just the seeds and any pith left. Top. A lot of info in a small bundle I often Refer/link to my posts in other platforms, I would like to know how much actual quinine is recommended and if I can use one of the natural sources like cinchona officinalis bark. Hi Marilyn, is this strictly for prevention or shedding, or is it also effective for c0/v!d? So, let's expand this out: a typical gin and tonic is 1.5 oz of gin and 4.5 oz of tonic, 6 ounces total. Make the juice even more powerful by adding fresh ginger and turmeric powder to the mix. Should You Keep Manuka Honey in the Fridge? Can I just put the lem.,great fruit 15ml in an 1oz of distilled water or does it need to be tonic water? As time went on I began to use my nose to make sure it was still OK. There are several kinds of zinc that you can take. Very good point Jim! Other instructions say simmer for 2 hr. Thats a wonderful idea Montse! Mine here were not as think as I like them to be. Im not exactly sure Paula. I do think that its best for the treatment of symptoms rather than a daily dose. Do not take the lid off of the pot till it cools completely as this will allow the Quinine to escape in the steam. Heat up 1 grapefruit and eat its pulp. Thank you Andreea Laza for your advice I greatly appreciate it. You can make quinine water by simmering the chopped up peels of two grapefruit. My first batch of quinine also gradually had the residue on the bottom. Works perfect. In the United States, the FDA limits the . Another highly effective malarial drug is the semi-synthetic extract from the Ylang Ylang plant, known as arteflene. Before moving onto this question, what is quinine and why is it an important substance for people to know about when consuming too much fruit like grapefruit or citrus on a regular basis? Seal tightly and store in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. Zinc reacts with acetic acid to form zinc acetate and hydrogen gas. LET IT SIMMER FOR ABOUT 2 HOURS. Because they both release zinc in the form of a positively charged ion. Yes, before chloroquine and its newer version, hydroxychloroquine, quinine was the natural and only treatment for malaria. You should not use this information to diagnose or treat any health problems or illnesses without consulting your pediatrician or family doctor. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. 2 1/2 cups (625ml) water, plus additional water for blanching the grapefruit peels 2 tablespoons light corn syrup Cut the grapefruit rinds into strips about 1/4-inch, or slightly less. If its good, I will not be buying anymore Tonic Water. Can it be made with lemons, limes and oranges? subscribe to our print edition, ad-free app or electronic newspaper replica here. Shared! If you would like to support our independent, fact-based journalism, you can make a contribution to AAP here. I take two cubes each morning, add some boiling water to melt them. It has also been used for other conditions, but with limited evidence. One of the best I have read to date! Since zinc needs 20 minutes of exposure pills, syrups, or sprays arent very effective. Quinine in grapefruit: does it really exist? I too am interested .. Apr 30, 2020 The tart grapefruit juice and bubbly tonic water makes this vodka cocktail light and refreshing! Some can cause potentially dangerous health problems. That was a good move to can your NCQ/quinine I feel fairly certain it should maintain at least most of its properties. That sounds really yummy Hana! Take advantage of AAPs partner content to get the international news that matters to your business, with news feeds delivered via multiple channels including API and FTP. Thank you for supporting our journalism. Do you take it daily without being sick ? Treats Influenza Guduchi is a common alternative treatment for intermittent fevers due to dengue and malaria. The drug is chemically distinct from quinine. Grapefruit may also help manage conditions such as type 2 diabetes. We also found that it exists in some other citrus fruits, and even in some other non-citrus fruits as well. A Jan. 19 Facebook post asserts simmering the rinds of grapefruits and lemons in water for several hours will produce a homemade version of hydroxychloroquine, animmunosuppressive drugdeveloped decades ago to prevent and treat malaria. Can you tell me how to do that please? For a sweet treat that contains no fat, no cholesterol, and only 7 grams of carbohydrates and 25 calories per piece, make candied grapefruit peel, suggests "Eating Well." Remove the peel from each grapefruit. Not sure if I should continue with it or not. I have heard but not tried, that the cinchona bark is even stronger again than pine needles. Its something I thought I should do At the moment we buy a good quality Tonic Water as I find the cheap ones use ingredients Im not so happy with. It increases fat metabolism, treats cellulite and can dissolve gallstones. It sounds like you have found your way on how to take it. Basically, that ends up being 2.48 mg of commercial quinine per ounce of tonic water. We can all learn from each other and readers sometimes add some very valuable info. I dont see why not? Thank you so much for your kind words, Ryan. 2-3 grapefruits. This is due to the high amount of fiber within grapefruits. The problem is that some fruits contain proteins or enzymes that cause its juice to thicken and become very syrupy after being squeezed into a juice jug or container. For case, you can not get fresh fruit. Sprinkle it to your whiskey, wine, vegetable salad, ice cream, soup, noodles, spaghetti sauce, rice, sushi, fish dishes. There is another solution that could provide the answer also MMS Even though they contain a mild amount of sugar, they are low on the glycemic index, meaning that their sugar is metabolized slowly and doesnt lead to a spike in insulin and subsequent hunger pangs. If you get the dose wrong and take too much, you can get in serious trouble.. https://www.mynaturaltreatment.com/3-highest-natural-sources-of-quinine/. But grapefruit is also loaded with vitamins, fiber and antioxidants, and its beneficial effect on weight loss and insulin resistance spurred a grapefruit-diet craze a few years ago. Remember that if you use galvanized steel, the zinc is the coating and not usually very thick. Gday Marilyn, Oh Miranda I did it very simply indeed. My pot has a glass lid but steam is still escaping slightly. Add it after you have made up the batch, not during. Much love to you! You can find it as tea or tincture. Grapefruit contains quinine-like substances, which in turn are effective in treating malaria. "Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic drug, made in the lab,and it is NOT (quinine)," Rajadas said in an email. AAP is Australia's only independent newswire service, delivering stories and images around the country and around the world every day. ?? If you take zinc with this recipe, the zinc propels the quinine into your cells for a much faster healing. Why wouldnt you add the juice to the pot along with the peelings and the water ? Sweeten the tea with honey or sugar since it will be bitter. Yes Mike, as you know I show you how to make it. I have zero reaction around those who are Purebloods aka non/jab/. If you have, or know some who has a vaccume sealer, I would think if you put the juice in the sealer bag leaving a few inches on top, secure it in the freezer then vacuum seal it. Can ths drink be frozen in the jar? I used it anyway. I have gotten a couple of questions on this topic hence the motivation to create this video. Once the lemon is frozen, get your grater, and shred the whole lemon (no need. I see sine white ball-like residue at the bottom of the container. Oh, one more question, https://mouthfulmatters.com/pine-needle-tea-easy-to-make-massive-health-punch/ Just cooking up some skins now. Put into a post with 8 glasses of water and bring to a boil. Remijia bark could be a natural alternative to hydroxychloroquine. I'm going to guess that information about zinc is taboo? Great thinking! And they wanted to know which form was best. However, as people may also know, this is where the citrus fruit gets its quinine from. In the spirit of reconciliation Australian Associated Press acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. Grapefruit essential oil can help you lose weight, plus reduce stress and sugar cravings. It has an anti-depressant effect, and lifts the mood. I really dont know Jack! LET IT SIMMER FOR ABOUT 2 HOURS. Recent studies revealed that the biochemical compounds in this plant, namely the alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in its fruits, and the alkaloids, phenols, and saponins in its roots are highly effective against malaria. Ive been thinking about what you said and I cant see why not. Grapefruit peels are high in Quinine. It actually turned out ok! However, this citrus fruit has also been lauded as a weight loss wonder food but is all grapefruit created equal when it comes to reducing fat and helping people lose weight? So while this potential side effect may not be a specific result of drinking fruit juice, avoiding it altogether is always an option as well! We take this every day and its just a matter of adding a few drops etc. Ive only just bought one as it turns out so am planning to try it. I have never seen any suggestions of using a nebulizer for quinine. Can You Add Grapefruits to Existing Smoothies at Home Instead of Buying Pre-Made Ones? Put a glass lid on your pot if you have one, a metal one is fine if you don't. Based on our research, we rateFALSEthe claim that hydroxychloroquine can be madeat home usinggrapefruit and lemon rinds. I start off with 3-4 lemons. . Youre welcome. I threw some ginger in the pot too. Ive done this for over a year now . Although some people anecdotally report that drinking grapefruit juice may cause muscle cramps, the majority of scientific evidence finds that there is no link between the two. Suppresses Appetite To start, grapefruit health benefits include suppressing your appetite, which lends itself to weight loss plans. What separates this substance from the more popular medicines like aspirin or acetaminophen is that its been used since 1820. Quinine is a compound which comes from the bark of the Cinchona tree. According to some scientific research, artemisinin has a higher chemotherapeutic index than chloroquine and is effective in chloroquine-resistant strains of human malaria. 1. I use doTerra because they are of such high quality. Take the rind of 2-3 grapefruits. Grapefruit contains 58g of Vitamin A RAE, while Lemon contains 1g. As you know, goo / gil censors everything to do with this recipe. Someone, somewhere must have had a way to find out that the quinine had dissipated. The thing with quinoa is that youre not getting anywhere near enough, said pediatrician Dr. Hi Helen, Hi Glenn, The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. How to do the Ab Row Exercise All You Need to Know. Add an effervescent Vitamin C tablet and then a small amount of cold water. I believe the dried peels should work well because as you say, you cant always source fresh. Does Grapefruit Juice Cause Muscle Cramps? They sell in 250 mg capsules and are organic. Ive been around those who had it over 4 months be near me and BAM! Also, I just canned 6 jars of HCQ/quinine. Thank you so much for your appreciation, Karen. Thank you very much! I have also seen various times mentioned, right down to simmer it long enough to create a fairly thick syrup. 1 grapefruit (peeled very thinly so some of the white pith remains) 1 orange (peeled very thinly so some of the white pith remains) 2 lemons (wash thoroughly, can leave peel on) 3 garlic cloves 12 large onion 3 drops peppermint oil (optional) 116 - 18 teaspoon cayenne pepper (if heavily congested) directions Tonic Water itself contains a certain amount of Quinine. along with this of-course, is prayer and the faith for health that was bought for us 2,000 odd years ago. The longer Im exposed, the worse I feel! Yes you can bring it to a boil in water or slightly heat it up in the oven, I dont recommend microwaving due to radiation. Apparently grapefruit is the main component, so just using other citrus fruit may not give the same bang! How to eat fruit peel Remove the skin from your grapefruit or orange with a knife or vegetable peeler, getting rid of the white pith underneath. Just depends what you want to use it for to drink or eat. On another note, doTerra have been donating money to the rescuing of children long before all of this horror came to light. HERE IS ALL YOU NEED TO DO TO MAKE YOUR VERY OWN QUININE..TAKE THE RIND OF 2-3 LEMONS, 2-3 GRAPEFRUITS. I read a lot of homemade quinine recipes that suggest no longer than 2 weeks in the fridge before they go bad. Hi Violet I think its a great idea. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, compound which comes from the bark of the Cinchona tree, Alan Armstrong, Professor of Organic Synthesis at Imperial College London, Written by trained, experienced journalists using authoritative sources, Accredited by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN), Corporate and individual packages available, The wire up to the minute news at your fingertips. 1 teasppon = 5 ml. If we had symptoms we would up that of-course. Leave it to cool off and then add a bit of honey. There appears to be varied opinions on this. Bioflavonoids are concentrated most in the peel and thats where most of the weight-loss powers come from because they contain enzymes called Proanthocyanins that are converted into powerful antioxidants by our body after we eat them. It is a flowering shrub native to Peru, Colombia, and Brazil, a cheaper version of quinine compared to Cinchona bark. THANK YOU.. love all your comments to questions too. The orange zest when minced made about a quarter cup/25 grams so the amount of 2 1/2 cups citrus zest in the jam recipe may have 250 grams potentially containing the majority of the 5120 mg of hesperidin per ounce - roughly 5000 x 10 1/4 cups = 50,000 mg for the 6 cup yield, 8,330 mg/cup or 1040 mg per two tablespoon serving of the Citrus Fig I add enough Tonic Water to make it palatable to me Im sure it doesnt matter how much. But the compounds are not the same thing. I think its just a gradual separation. Click here to sign up for our fact-check text chat. Andreea thank you for your wonderfully informative article. Peel 3 grapefruits and using only the peel, cover it with filtered water about 3 inches above the rind. 30 grams lemon peel, . After doing so much work to create your perfect drink, the last thing that you want is for a mouthful of thick juice to ruin your good time. Add 1 small piece of ginger and 2-3 raisins to a cup of water. I know the medicine the doctors prescribe should be kept well away from children, but that would be because of whatever else they may have in there. Homemade Quinine is not hard to make and it makes a lot in one go, so why not give it a try? Cut the fruit and onion into coarse pieces. ? USA TODAY reached out to Facebook and Instagram users who shared the claim for comment. Its very powerful and doesnt involve making a tea. Should they be canning sealed first or just go right in? Im very in tune to those who are j/ab/bed bc my skin reacts within minutes. Experts told USA TODAY that hydroxychloroquine, which is made in labs,. I would back it off once the symptoms subside. Wow Tina, that says it all! Great for making premium tonic water and handcrafting Legendary G&T's at home or easily batching full kegs. It may work, but what if it did cause issues with your lungs. Thank you so much for your time! Dr. Axe. . Hi! Men over the age of 19 are advised to . This plant is an effective treatment for fevers and is especially used as a treatment and preventative for malaria. Search for: Subscribe About Dr . TAKE THE PEEL ONLY AND COVER IT WITH WATER ABOUT 3 INCHES ABOVE THE PEELS.PUT A GLASS LID ON YOUR POT IF YOU HAVE ONE, A METAL ONE IS FINE IF YOU DON'T. 15. Hi Julie! While we have not been able to find any scientific studies or research on this topic, it is clear from our research that quinine does indeed exist in grapefruit. [3] [4] Also, the fruit might have bioflavonoids and phytonutrients such as . standard terms and conditions. I mean, at the end of the day, how do you know when youve come into close contact with a j/a/b/b/e/d person? Hi Clay! TAKE THE PEEL ONLY AND COVER IT WITH WATER ABOUT 3 INCHES ABOVE THE PEELS.PUT A GLASS LID ON YOUR POT IF YOU HAVE ONE, A METAL ONE IS FINE IF YOU DON'T. 15. All Right Reserved. Just makes sense to me. Hydroxychloroquine is an alkaline compound used for the treatment of malaria, as well as rheumatoid arthritis andlupus. Reduce as symptoms subside. One of the most commonly cited benefits is that when used regularly, grapefruits can help lower blood pressure. Hydroxychloroquine is a drug that is used to prevent malaria and treat conditions such as arthritis, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. I had heard this is what you should do, but I dont really know why maybe next time Ill skip this step. Yes, for those who want they certainly can do that Candtalan and it will do the job very well. Hope that helps Sharon. Heat them over medium heat just until boiling, then reduce the heat to low, and simmer, covered, for 20 minutes. I would add it to Indian Tonic Water (made with a little sugar only) to make it palatable. Just dont go overboard on the dose. It boosts their production of interferon-gamma, which is your bodys primary defense. Michael Klemba, an associate professor of biochemistry at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, told USA TODAY that quinine is a natural product found in the bark of cinchona trees. Along with the physical, pleasurable effects of eating a whole grapefruit, you get an indescribable cleansing sensation. The peel from one whole grapefruit cut into tiny cubes. We simply sip the tonic and find it really enjoyable. Hi Tracy, How? And while some sources claim that choosing a type with less sugar will promote better health, there are many factors that affect how much sugar you take in while eating certain types of fruit, such as their water content. Ionic zinc also stops invaders from spreading in your body. (About .5cm.) It has been very informative to read the questions asked of you and your responses. When ready to use, warm slightly in a pan before serving. But there are other things they might prefer like Fennel tea make it fairly strong and keep in fridge. Hi, Just made a batch and worked really well. No reason why you couldnt do it with the grapefruit as well. Thanks, Marilyn. But when taken daily, regular intake may lead to drops of over 20% in systolic pressure and 10-12% in diastolic pressure. I made mine over a month ago and its not used up. Of-course, I wouldnt let them get too old, but use them within a reasonable time, and it should be fine. However, it falsely claims that hydroxychloroquine is the same as quinine. https://mouthfulmatters.com/suramin-contained-in-these-unusual-foods-and-spices/ When I made my first lot I put it all in the fridge and gradually worked through it. And finally, they found that zinc is only effective when invaders are exposed to zinc for at least 20 minutes at a time. Im so proud of you going the extra mile! Hi Alexander! How much of the quinine and how much of the tonic ? Leave it to cool off and then add a bit of honey. Stay positive, no matter what because fear is the worst suppressor for the immune system, so dont give in to fear. Much health to you! We hope that this information here on the 7 natural alternatives to hydroxychloroquine for malaria has empowered you and helped you see things in a more positive light. Hi Cathy thank you! Add about 2.5 litres You take a large saucepan and add about 2.5 litres of filtered water. Kate, its best to use them as it is recommended by the producer, on the package. I could not tell you exactly what dosage would be most appropiate because I am not a medical doctor. I make my drinks using 15ml plus added Tonic Water to make it palatable. If you like doing arts and crafts, you can turn the peel into a candle holder and let it aromatize your room as the candle burns. There are recipes around for making your own Tonic Water I havent gone into that yet. But only two kinds of zinc are actually shown to be effective.

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how much quinine in grapefruit peel