NCHS The National Center for Health Statistics, the US governmental organization responsible for national vital statistics and multiple national health surveys. infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. droplet spread the direct transmission of an infectious agent by means of the aerosols produced in sneezing, coughing, or talking that travel only a short distance before falling to the ground. variable, dependent in a statistical analysis, a variable whose values are a function of one or more other variables. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. if this or if that is the case; if this or if that continues. the condition of suffering an infection. transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). is given by: where frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? attributable risk percent see proportion, attributable. prevalence, point the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at a single point in time. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. study, observational a study in which the investigator observes rather than influences exposure and disease among participants. numerator the upper portion of a fraction (see also denominator). The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. It's flattering to know other clubs seem to rate me. y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). Similar words for Infection rate. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. {\displaystyle \beta } In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. Accessed 4 Mar. an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses), Post more words for infection to Facebook, Share more words for infection on Twitter. determinant any factor that brings about change in a health condition or in other defined characteristics (see also cause and risk factor). Incidence rate is calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided either by the average population (usually mid-period) or by the cumulative person-time the population was at risk. Links to your sources would be appreciated. privacy rule a set of regulations based on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act to protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information. trial, community an experimental study that uses data from communities. The exposure period can be brief or can extend over days, weeks, or longer, with the exposure being either intermittent or continuous. Home; infection; Synonyms for infection. contribucin municipal, impuestos municipales, , . Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. the population is growing at an alarming rate, he is the least appealing, to me at any rate, I don't know what happened, at any rate she didn't turn up, there is a reduced rate for children under 12. how do you rate his performance on a scale of one to ten? cumulative frequency curve a plot of the cumulative frequency rather than the actual frequency for each class interval of a variable. That is to say, The midrange is usually calculated as an intermediate step in determining other measures. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? The research was done in environmental disaster areas (Aral District, Kazaly District) and . Infection rate synonyms What is another word for Infection rate? hypothesis, alternative the supposition that an exposure is associated with the health condition under study. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). applied epidemiology see epidemiology, applied. {\displaystyle 1/A} interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. dependent variable see variable, dependent. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Another HCV infection after HCV cure most frequent in high risk takers, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. All rights reserved. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. independent variable see variable, independent. Measures of spread used in epidemiology include the interquartile range, variance, and the standard deviation. It is a major global health problem. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. Demonstrates appropriate hand washing techniques to ensure proper infection control and follows universal precautions. odds ratio a measure of association used in comparative studies, particularly case-control studies, that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome; also called the cross-product ratio. transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. outcome(s) any or all of the possible results that can stem from exposure to a causal factor or from preventive or therapeutic interventions; all identified changes in health status that result from the handling of a health problem. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. In this study, we used a spherically symmetric compartmental ODE model to track the HIV viral dynamics in the LN and predict the contribution of ongoing replication within the LN to the whole-body proviral pool in an ARV-suppressed . Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. Synonym: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Recurrent. The key differences between two common pathogens. epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. 2. . The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. epidemiologic triad the traditional model of infectious disease causation having three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together so that disease occurs. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? 1 suggest new. Data points are plotted at the midpoints of the intervals and are connected with straight lines. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. infection rate. Objectives In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. An example of a rate is: 1 HAI per 10,000 patient days in Hospital X in 2009. Each cause of death is expressed as a percentage of all deaths, and the sum of the proportionate mortality for all causes must equal 100%. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). Unit-specific infection control data showed that VRE infections decreased by 70% (n = 33 before and n = 10 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. Synonym: The average range of beats per minute recorded within a 10-min time frame. discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. epidemiology, analytic the aspect of epidemiology concerned with why and how a health problem occurs. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective. study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. {\displaystyle \lambda } {\displaystyle \lambda } These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. 1 vote. No, I disagree. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. A contact exposure to a source of an infection; a person who has been exposed. class interval the span of values of a continuous variable that are grouped into a single category (see also class), usually to create a frequency distribution for that variable. Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? biologic transmission see transmission, biologic. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. CDC twenty four seven. In this case, Delivered to your inbox! The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. In this situation, at a recurrence interval of 3 months (p = 0.011) and an, Comparison ofsimultaneous shunting to delayed shunting in infants with myelomeningocele in terms ofshunt, In the present study, there was no significant relationship between gender and, Conclusion: In conclusion, efficiency of disposable surgical drapes has not been demonstrated to lower infections rates in fact to the contrary we demonstrated increase in, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. Usually, one variable represents a health outcome, and one represents an exposure or personal characteristic. midrange the halfway point, or midpoint, in a set of observations. mortality rate, postneonatal the mortality rate for children from age 28 days up to, but not including, 1 year. heart rate or heart rhythm problems, chest pain or discomfort, pain or tingling in the hands or feet, and fatigue. APA: Classic Thesaurus. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impelled many countries all over the world to institute sweeping measures to help reduce infection rates and ultimately its utter elimination. Parts of speech epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance virus germ disease epidemic attack contagion contagious disease contagium plague illness line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. cause of disease a factor (e.g., characteristic, behavior, or event) that directly influences the occurrence of a disease. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. The rate at which hair grows can be agonisingly slow. survey a systematic canvassing of persons to collect information, often from a representative sample of the population. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate. Clumping is increased by the presence of acute-phase proteins released during inflammation. fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). point-source outbreak see outbreak, point-source. The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. In epidemiology, does not imply intentional deviation. infection contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus See also: inflection, injection, infectious, infect Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus payday loan n. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. You can complete the list of synonyms of infection rate given by the English Thesaurus dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster English-Synonyms dictionary : translate English words into Synonyms with online dictionaries. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole . table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. case-control study see study, case-control. A survival curve can also be used to depict freedom from a health problem, complication, or another endpoint. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. is the average age of infection. active surveillance see surveillance, active. NOTE: Effective February 1, 2023, the Coronavirus Tracker has switched from LIVE to Daily Updates. (pun intended). mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. Log in. Retinal Degeneration. is directly proportional to Synonyms of infection infection noun Definition of infection as in virus an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) There is a viral infection spreading among the schoolchildren. The number of stillbirths (in which the gestation period was 28 weeks or more) in the first 7 days of life divided by the number of live births plus stillbirths in the same year. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. 2023. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease.

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