The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. The word states would remain lower case if states is referred to in a general way, such as There are two senators for each state.. Hi, James. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. Should southern be capitalized? Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. Dates. This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. When referring to regions, capitalize these words. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this websites owner is strictly prohibited. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. When to capitalize North East South West? Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: Butsouthernerandnorthernerarecapitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". Capitalize directions that are names; North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions. However, some people also suggest capitalizing the names of: The uniting theme here is the idea of naming a well-known or well-defined region. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? Each morning, the sun rises in the east . South-Eastern Albania? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? There may be disagreement about where the border of Southern California begins, just as there was and is about the border of the Wild West, but the fact that the Los Angeles metropolitan area, Orange County, and San Diego are all located in Southern California is beyond debate. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . When And When Not To. Hi, Lynne. Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. And if so, when? Colorado is part of the Southwest. Seasons. Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. Related, but not duplicates (in my opinion): As definitive as it gets. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Is this correct. ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. in the southwestern part an eastward direction These words usually do get capitalized when they describe a region of the world or of a country, but there are some exceptions. So, option 2 is correct. . Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. Strength Vs. Strong: Differences, How To Tell Them Apart? Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. (Cap or no cap on east and west). When people form a group and give it a name, it should be capitalized. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. the Deep South. For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. The pronoun "I" For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. But when these terms are part of an actual place's name, capitalize them, as in "Western Australia", "Northern Ireland", etc. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. In headlines, the periods are omitted. In other words, directions can be tricky! The direction word makes it a proper noun. Should southern be capitalized? In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. Do not drive, Five Below Job Opportunities Earning consideration for Five Below jobs begins with meeting the companys minimum employment age, which is 16 years old. Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. The storm is heading east. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Questions that can be answered using commonly-available references are off-topic, as are those lacking any signs of reasonable research. Surely not one word Southeast? Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. Capitalize the pronoun. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. You have entered an incorrect email address! Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". Filed Under: West is directly opposite east. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. The North, The East, The South, and The West. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate direction or general location. South-East Albania? So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. Updated on December 22, 2018. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. My friend is a southerner. Is Colorado in the west or the West? Thank you. The sentence which is capitalized correctly is My easiest classes are Chemistry and Spanish. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. Do you like West Asia? Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. The other concern I have is that southern is a geographical term, that I feel shouldn't be usurped in this way. Is it "southern California" or "Southern California?". AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . Are you captivated by capitalization? Western (and Northern) blots however, were not named after inventors but were given these names in honor of . 10 Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Similar is the case with the following set of words: Here are a couple of sentences for further clarity on the matter: When terms such as "southern district" and "western region" are used as names for specific units within an organization, capitalize them. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. When there is no proper name, lowercase "mountain", "gorge", "valley", "beach", and other geographical features. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. In all cases, though, you should: And if you need help, our expert proofreaders are ready! You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). To Capitalize or not to Capitalize Independence? Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the southern winds, southern should be lowercase. Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. Best Book Writing Software and Book Writing Apps, Cursive Text Generator , Buscador de palabras y descifrador de palabras. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. Alternatively, some style guide suggest that all of the main words (i.e. The pastor prayed that God should deliver us from our sins. Capitalize locations in a country if the proper noun is given in other words, the name of a region or city, such as the Congo, the Mississippi River, etc. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. In other words, directions can be tricky! Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. The names of things are known as common nouns. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: For example, Silicon Valley isn't a proprietary name or legally defined area, but it receives initial caps anyway. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. This seems a difficult case; as this discussion at. We lowercase the terms when they refer to directions: The United States is located north of Mexico. As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The West Coast has beautiful scenery. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? Hi, Mary. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. When used to refer to direction and location, dont capitalize the names of directions like north, south, east, or west; however, when they appear in the names of places and regions, do capitalize these words. When to capitalize North East south west? However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. However, if you use the word southern instead of a general location, such as the southern winds, the word should be lowercase. The state abbreviations are always the same: two letter abbreviations with uppercase letters and no periods or spaces between them. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? Unless the direction is part of the country's actual name, it remains lowercased. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. Examples: southern France, northern Canada. The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. They live in the western part of the country. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. Capitalize proper nounsand adjectives derived from proper nouns. Of course, as with other nouns, they should be capitalized at the beginning of sentences and in titles. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. Despite that, knowing how to capitalize names of places, regions, geographical features, directions, etc. A recognized geographical region. Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. For example, "Global is a proper noun." . (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. There's not enough context in your example to offer any solid advice (e.g., the "north" of where? In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Circling back to the "title" rule, if the headline is in sentence case and the word "region" is not the starting word of the title, "region" should be written in lowercase. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers. So, noun will be always first capital letter. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." Some common examples of when you should capitalize north include: down North. We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: My friend is a southerner. I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. @EdwinAshworth I didn't notice any argument in his answer at all. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". Characteristics. U.S. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts Northern Ireland, Western Australia Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries.

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