the boundary follows the course of the river at the time it was drawn, the river has since moved. Orbiting spacecraft contain internal gyroscopes that are used to control their orientation. How old is the burial site? Each dot represents an elevation number, spaced evenly at 100 m in the horizontal. Location A is higher. 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"13:_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Physiographic_Provinces" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 3.6: Drawing Contour Lines and Topographic Profiles, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbysa", "authorname:delineharristefend", "program:galileo" ], https://geo.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fgeo.libretexts.org%2FLearning_Objects%2FLaboratory%2FBook%253A_Laboratory_Manual_For_Introductory_Geology_(Deline_Harris_and_Tefend)%2F03%253A_Topographic_Maps%2F3.6%253A_Drawing_Contour_Lines_and_Topographic_Profiles, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Answers to Practice Lab Exercises, Parts A and B, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Contour lines represent lines connecting points of equal elevation above sea level, Contour lines never cross, split, or die off, Contour intervals must be obeyed, therefore the contour lineelevations can only be multiples of the contour interval. up or down from the nearest index contour line and multiplying by the contour Zoom out and examine the area, what other type of boundary is nearby? Explain how you made this decision. 8,194,375 years to sink. How far have the snake fossils moved apart since they were originally deposited? What type of plate tectonic boundary is at this exact location? which isotopic system should they use. What is the approximate map relief? The direction system is useful but imprecise. Contour Lines: Contour lines are used to determine elevations and are lines on a map that are produced from connecting points of equal elevation (elevation refers to height in feet, or meters, above sea level). MATLAB automatically selects the contour lines to display. Assume value is an integer variable. The steepest path on a topographic Surface is always perpendicmar to topographic contour at the point where the flowline crosses the contour. as sinkholes, underlying soluble rock was dissolved and area collapsed. 11. Which gas station is the most likely source of the gasoline leak? Where do the S wave velocities abruptly change? Now calculate the difference between the two-selected index contour line selected from a map. (1 pt) Contour intervals located on this map are few and far between. Joyce McBeth; Karla Panchuk; Tim Prokopiuk; Lyndsay Hauber; and Sean Lacey, 1.3 GEOLOGY & RESOURCE MAPS FOR CANADIAN PROVINCES & TERRITORIES, 1-E1 LAB EXERCISES CANADIAN GEOLOGY & MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES, 1-E2 LAB EXERCISES REGIONAL GEOLOGY & MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES, 2-E1 LAB EXERCISES MINERAL IDENTIFICATION, 3.5 IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATIONINTRUSIVE VS. EXTRUSIVE, 3.6 LAB EXERCISES IGNEOUS ROCK IDENTIFICATION, 4-E1 LAB EXERCISES SEDIMENTARY ROCK IDENTIFICATION, 5.4 LAB EXERCISES METAMORPHIC ROCK IDENTIFICATION, 6.7 LAB EXERCISE CHOOSING ABSOLUTE DATING METHODS, Answers to Practice Lab Exercises in section 7-E1, 8.6 GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES CREATED BY PLASTIC & BRITTLE DEFORMATION, 8-E5 EXERCISES COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL MAPS & CROSS-SECTIONS, 9-E1 LAB EXERCISE LOCATING AN EPICENTER, 9-E3 LAB EXERCISE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE, 10.3 STREAM GRADIENT AND THE CYCLE OF STREAM EROSION, Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual First Canadian Edition (v.3 Jan 2020), https://pub.data.gov.bc.ca/datasets/177864/pdf/092G/092G095.pdf, Next: Extra Practice Question on Topographic Maps, Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual First Canadian Edition (v.3 - Jan 2020), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. A contour interval in surveying is the vertical distance or the difference in the elevation between the two contour lines in a topographical map. Indicators themselves are weak acids or weak bases. If you were to walk the path of a contour line in real life, you would remain at the same elevation the whole hike, never traveling up or down. For small scale maps covering a wide area of varying terrain, For rough topographical map meant for initial assessment only, If a detailed map is to be prepared for execution work, If the ground has large variation in levels, for instance, hills and ponds, No measurement or scaling is required since the contour levels are indicated on the contour lines, The distance must be measured on the map and converted to actual distance by multiplying with the scale of the map, In a given map the contour interval is a constant, The horizontal equivalent varies with slope. A thumbnail version of the map is shown in Figure 7-E10, a larger copy is provided at the back of this lab manual, and your TA will provide you with a full-scale version of the map in lab. When connecting the points on your graph paper in the area between the two hills in Figure 3.6, you again want to round out the area to represent the base of your valley between the hills, but be careful not to make the valley floor too deep, as according to the topographic map the elevation is below 40ft, but not as low as 30ft. contour lines, the steeper the slope. A rounded contour indicates a flatter or wider drainage or spur. They are usually mapped with large contour intervals. The contour interval is stated on every topographic map and is usually Show your work below. Math can be challenging, but with a little practice, it can be easy to clear up math tasks. The purpose of this lab is to familiarize students with how to read and use topographic maps. The small contour interval, the survey work and plotting have to be more accurate. 400 D. N a) point A 00 D. N a) point A b) point D c) point B d) point 3. First, subtract the lower number from the higher number and then divide the result by the number of contour lines. The final answer we get after dividing is the contour interval of the specific topographical map. 3. Are streams in this area downcutting or laterally eroding? Because the stream flows south, contour a, which lies downstream of contour b, must be the lower of the two. Controls the size of characters in the contour labels; default is 0.08". What is the elevation of the unlabeled index contour crossing Roaring Creek in the northwest corner of the map? To show different features of Earth's surface. Source: Karla Panchuk (2020) CC BY-SA 4.0, adapted from Joyce M. McBeth (2018) CC BY-SA 4.0 (view source) and Brad Deline (2017) CC BY-SA 3.0 (view source). Definition of Contour: A contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. (1 pt) What is the ratio scale of this map? Pick two contour lines that are next to each other and find the difference in associated numbers. How are the tops of hills, mountains or depressions (dips) shown on a topographic map? Mathematically, a contour line is a curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f (x, y) is a constant. S waves cant travel through liquids and this depth is where the liquid outer core exists. b. Observe the velocities of waves on the graph. Contour When we hold a ruler to the y-axis of the topographic profile in Figure 3.6, we see that 0.5 inches = 50ft, which means 1 inch = 100ft on the vertical scale. Considering the above map, the steps involved in contour interval calculation are. Contour plots with Excel and Matplotlib Select the XYZ data arranged as a single range (Range I4:N8 in the data screenshot below). Refer to the figure below. Do Pole movements seem to be steady every 100 years or variable? In what direction was the main river flowing? If oceanic and continental crust collided, based on their densities the __________ crust would sink below the ________crust. (2 pts) What is the gradient between Garibaldi Lake and Mount Price? distance is found on the scale. It is usually every fifth line that indicates a change in elevation. Given that this portion of the Australian plate moves at a speed of 2.2 inches per year, how old are the snake fossils? Remember, because of isostasy the denser plate will be lower than the less dense plate. Step-by-step explanation. Locate the state boundary between Nebraska and Iowa along the Missouri River. The even spacing indicates the hill has a uniform slope. Lets assume, 7000 and 7100 and calculate the interval between it. 225 feet; half the contour interval lower than 250 feet. Once your contour lines are drawn, you will notice that you had to draw some lines closer together in some areas and wider apart in other areasand that you may have even enclosed an area by drawing a contour line in a circular pattern. along a line drawn through a portion of a topographic map. The distance between these areas is ~1.6 miles (measured along the curving distance of the non-magnified stream). Contour lines Lines or isolines on a map that connect points with the same elevation. do not cross each other, divide or split. Find Sloans Crossing. The Contour Interval of the above map us 20 Units. A simple diagram is shown below on the left. By using a ruler, you can transfer these elevation points from your topographic map straight down onto your graph paper such as shown in Figure 3.6. According to the geothermal gradient, rocks buried 75 km beneath the surface would normally be at what temperature? What approximate discharge would be associated with a 50 year recurrence interval? On our map, point "P" lies between 3000 feet and 4000 feet contours . The elevation at sea level is zero meters. The equation used is: Tips The numbers are the elevation at the top of the peak. Which of the following places represent a Wadati-Benioff zone? indicate what information is contained on a topographic map, and where it can topographic profiles: Remember that topographic maps represent They are marked with short, straight lines inside the circle. Adjacent means next to. What shape are the contour lines that cross a valley or stream? Both A and B (20-2900 Km and 2900-5100 Km). If you were standing in the middle on the intermost contour line hill "c", your elevation would be. Measure the distance using the bar scale between the pole 1400 and 1700 (locations C and F). A low relief. The circled points indicate days that were at least partially spent at the study side; red circles indicate days with frequent sampling . What does each contour line on a map show? (measure the distance across the Pacific at 40 degrees north latitude- basically measure between Northern California and North Korea)? Based on the assemblage of organisms (A-I) in this sample, what is the age of this rock? What type of stream drainage pattern is present on this map? Please enter your email address. For interval 14, the models trained with DeepAugment elicit stronger connections between the endpoints than those without DeepAugment, but the difference is not significant enough. First Edition. Refer to the figure below. long-term time-average of sea level). If the user enters 3.14 in response to the following programming statement, what will be stored in value? for Interpreting Topographic Maps 31? What is the contour interval on a map based on? with the elevation of the contour it represents. A topographic profile is a cross-sectional view Complete this map by adding in contour lines using a contour interval of 100 m. Draw the contour lines so that they are continuous: they will either continue to the edge of the map or form an enclosed circle. This is a critical skill to prepare students to learn about more complex geologic maps. (5 pts) The following topographic map (Map 7-E3) is from a coastal area and features an interesting geological hazard in addition to the ocean. The word contour comes from French, and it is defined as meaning the "outline" of a subject, it often defines a form or an. (1 pt) Mount Price is located next to Garibaldi Lake (just west of Table Bay, Figure 7-E9 above). 12. Examine the path of the river that feeds into and flows out of Quail Lake. The terms below It is determined as follows: Let's take an example of two contour lines which are labelled. c. Label each mark Sensor stability as characterized through mean absolute differences (MARD) on every study day including only sensors inserted on study day 1. The lines point toward the center of the depression. Look closely at the topography south of highway, and it changes abruptly. which of the following is the best way to obtain an absolute date for the sequence of rocks, the geologist determines there is 78.3% of the parent remaining in the sample that they examine. On large-scale maps with a lot of topographical detail, the contour interval is usually smaller, while on small-scale maps with less detail, the contour interval is larger. BIOMEDICINE: Digestive System | Description o. Contour lines that are very close together indicate a steep slope. fairmount. Using the speed you calculated in the previous question (and ignoring possible changes in sea level), when will the Big Island of Hawaii sink below the surface of the ocean? . What is the contour interval? available from: Open Geosciences. The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in the area on the map. Using a contour interval of 40 m, label the elevation of every contour line on the map below. contour (Z) creates a contour plot containing the isolines of matrix Z, where Z contains height values on the x - y plane. What is the elevation of the base of the monument in meters? the entire earth to a city block (or less). It is important for the farmer or irrigator to identify the slopes on the land. Using the surrounding contour lines, what is the approximate elevation of Deadmans Lake? Comparable to figure 8 D-F in ref. 1. What is the latitude for this monument? If you were standing at the washington monument what direction would you need to walk to get to the U.S. capitol building? For producing a detailed study of The rock that most closely resembles the composition of oceanic crust based on the description in the previous section is: Based on the choice you made for question 17, what is the density of the rocks that make up oceanic crust? Which of the following statements about them is true? Consideration in making the choice of the proper contour interval . Chapter 3 Topographic Maps by Karen Tefend and Bradley Deline, CC BY-SA 4.0. Once your points are plotted on the graph paper, you simply connect the dots. When you join you get additional benefits. A higher contour interval is used for a large area and small contour interval for small area. Contour lines Lay a strip What is the name of the family that contains beryllium? In the given figure contour interval is 50 feet. Therefore the topographic profile in Figure 3.6 represents a profile of the map surface (along the A-B line) that has been vertically exaggerated by 10 times (10X). V shaped. fault. If the numbers associated with specific contour lines are increasing, the elevation of the terrain is also increasing. What is the area of the slab? At 500 degrees Celsius, rocks will be buried to about _______ km depth. Considering the size of the area to be mapped, contour intervals are assumed. Possible contours include 500', 520', 540', 560', 580', 600', 620', etc. Note: The intervals are increasing, therefore, the contours indicate a hill. Figure 3. Example 4- What is the slope percent in Exercise 2 above? B. Construct flow lines emanating from each point " x " to illustrate the groundwater flow field on the map. Constructing a topographic map by drawing in contours can be easily done if a person remembers the following rules regarding contour lines: As you draw a contour line on a map you will notice that the elevations on one side of your line will be lower elevations, and elevations on the other side of your line will be higher elevations. Choose the appropriate profile below. Contour lines never cross. index contour lines are generally darker and are marked with their elevations. map. Answers: 1 Show answers Another question on Biology. When the vertical dimension of your graph is different from the horizontal dimension on your map, you may end up with a graph that shows a vertical exaggerationand the features of the Earth represented by your topographic profile may be deformed such as in Figure 3.7. You are tasked with creating your own coastal topographic map, so you hike around a coastal area with a GPS receiver (Global Positioning System) and every so often you record your position along with the elevation in metres at that point, which results in the map below (Map 7-E5). The steepest slope on this hill can be found on the side that is facing which direction? First, we compute the activation . As a contour approaches a stream, canyon, or drainage area, the contour lines turn upstream. A contour line is a line drawn on a topographic map to indicate ground elevation or depression. 14. look at a map of the Sulphur-Boundary Creek area along the Middle Fork of the 50m. Step 3. The shaded areas indicate the 95% confidence intervals. So contour interval = 790 m-780 m=10 m. For further query, add a comment. Salmon River This map is a geologic map of glacial geology in the area, drawn Why is mass so important to a stars life? Would the recurrence interval for this flood plot at: Is it possible that a flood with a similar discharge to that of the event from 9/23/2009 could happen again in the next 20 years? View Source. An error message is displayed. What would happen to the mantle rock at point X if water is added to it? In which stage of the cycle of stream erosion is this area? The. (b) Notice how a mountain saddle, a ridge, a stream, a steep area, and a flat area are shown with contour lines.

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