b. essentialism. What is a characteristic of white privilege? I used this code when statements . social class, family, football team etc.) partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. a. Mexican Americans Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? c. Although feminists might find it objectionable, the use of male pronouns to refer to females Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. d. 50. (2007). This difference is an example of d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. b. white women d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? d. from 2008 to today, Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States? a. aggregation. Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? As recently as 15 years ago, the few visible gay characters were usually portrayed negatively Furthermore, attempting to prevent our stereotype from coloring our reactions to others takes effort. than those who are not employed. b. Joe Feagin If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: A. Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, gender disadvantages are more significant than racism. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to Making things even more difficult, stereotypes are strongest for the people who are in most need of changethe people who are most prejudiced (Lepore & Brown, 1997). On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. abilities Perform the indicated operation. Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). \. What were the "black codes"? b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. People naturally classify others into categories. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. d. Whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it. A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. It can help in increasing cooperation among individuals because sharing a common goal often provides a core focus for the groups, generally taking focus off apparent differences. c. A researcher conducts a series of interviews with new immigrants to the United States who came from Central America. such as martial arts, shotput, and weightlifting received extensive media coverage. 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? a. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. None of these choices. attitude best reflects: Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. text, which of the following titles would be most helpful to her? doi: 10.1111/j.17519004.2010.00306.x. b. The result of these series of activations is the release of a . 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Estimate with 90% confidence the number of American adults who were working full time. \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." d. Ireland; urban. d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 645654. Bus311.docx - Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following Although he couldn't seem to beat his prior record while practicing, he surpassed it easily during the final meet as his friends cheered him on. c. Cuba b. a. Lawrence Bobo Which of the following statements is true? c. social role theory. c. spotlighting b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. c. The media tend to portray Latinas in low-status occupations. According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Critiques Strengthen and Improve the Original Findings: Rejoinder to Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. d. b and c, A recent study of 600 teenage girls of varied socioeconomic and ethnic background reported: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. 4 The participants were given two chances at responding. Then the participants categorize the photos (Is this picture a picture of a man or a woman?) and answer questions about the stereotypes (Is this the word strong?) Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. d. modern sexism. Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. c. "The average student does his homework every night." a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. C. holding a stereotype II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers b) Secondary research is done after primary research. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are (Ed.). Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. c. Hispanics He argues that if there is a womens studies program, then there should be a mens studies program too. Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. B. PDF EXCEPT: C. - Parker University Prejudice: Its social psychology. See Page 1. c. from 1986 to 2008 a. the Whorfian hypothesis. a. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. Related Documents. 2 See answers Advertisement Whites acknowledge they have privilege. a. Germany; rural Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 207218. d. pluralism. On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . Blackwell Publishing On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? Stereotypes may influence our performance on important tasks through stereotype threat. a. Benefits include medical care costs and disability income. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. c. Africans. The result? Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. The three financial statements are: (1) the Income Statement, (2) the Balance Sheet, and (3) the Cash Flow Statement. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 c. Asian women I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. Automatic category activation and social behaviour: The moderating role of prejudiced beliefs. True What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. c. Asian Americans These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). Stereotypes are the beliefs associated with social categories. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., & Turner, J. C. (1996). Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies? d. modern sexism. The spending pattern of most elderly retirees shows an average decline in outflow during the latter part of retirement O Analysis of Social Security shows that Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. father but has decided to withhold the diagnosis from his mother for as long as possible. She negatively evaluates a Hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. c. Both of the above b. African Americans According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. b. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is A. permanent If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. \end{array} b. assimilation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 2136. b. Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. Federal Register :: Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. The Congressional Research Service estimates that at least $45\$ 45$45 million of counterfeit U.S. $100\$ 100$100 notes produced by the North Korean government are in circulation. c. 13 percent; 9 percent Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? 1. the standards and values of dominant groups 2. various groups' power within society 3. the standards and values of subordinate groups 4. social interaction The standards and values of dominant groups, various groups' power within society, and social interaction d. a and b, Which of the following statements about the differential treatment of females and males in More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from (2007). When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. Which of the following statements concerning stereotypes is not correct? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . Women who prefer to use the title Ms. are often perceived as: c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. D. engaging in prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping, Touch, Taste, and Smell: The Other Senses, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 2, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 1, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. ), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. b. unintelligent a. Racism is a form of prejudice focusing on cultural differences between people. d. displacement. Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? a. whites Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with? On January 1, 2014, Everett Corporation had these stockholders equity accounts. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. Stangor, C. (1995). d. integrate schools. There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . a. the history of racial segregation Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. The term psychologists use for how physically close two people are to each other is ________. (1995). Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. b. a. Assimilation Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War Marissa is interviewing a woman who has come in for help with her bills and job-readiness training. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are nonwhite. c. the social categorization perspective. 15. a. genocide. d. Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0b_0b0 and b1b_1b1 using equations (14.6) and (14.7). Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. "Female professor receives prestigious grant." A. media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or This example illustrates that, A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as. d. scapegoating. c. Southern Europe. Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). 165208). c. the biological inferiority of blacks not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. This is an example of Brown, R. (1995). The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . 4 You are polite and civil to people you dislike. As you can see in Figure 12.4 Perceptual Accentuation, the experiment involved having research participants judge the length of six lines. A. Once they become established, stereotypes (like any other cognitive representation) tend to persevere. The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds. c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. What term would be used to characterize her argument? A Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places. New York, NY: Guilford Press. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. (1978). c. Black men Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. (Solved) - 1. Which of the following statements regarding project Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. Quiz 6 Categories and Concepts - Quiz 6: Categories and Concepts Which Which of the following statements about social categorization is This finding is most consistent with: Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. b. emigration. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. d. institutional racism. d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. d. Multiculturalism. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? One day, the power goes out. poses than in active poses. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us.

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